amakuru

Incamake

Inductors nibintu byingenzi muguhindura abahindura, nko kubika ingufu hamwe nayunguruzo. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa inductors, nko kubisabwa bitandukanye (kuva kuri frequency nkeya kugeza kuri frequency nyinshi), cyangwa ibikoresho byingenzi bigira ingaruka kubiranga inductor, nibindi. Inductor zikoreshwa muguhindura abahindura ni ibintu byinshi bya magnetiki. Nyamara, kubera ibintu bitandukanye nkibikoresho, imiterere yimikorere (nka voltage nubu), hamwe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije, ibiranga nibitekerezo byatanzwe biratandukanye cyane. Kubwibyo, mubishushanyo mbonera byumuzunguruko, usibye ibipimo fatizo byagaciro ka inductance, isano iri hagati yimbogamizi ya inductor hamwe na AC irwanya na frequence, igihombo nyamukuru nibiranga kwiyuzuzamo, nibindi bigomba gusuzumwa. Iyi ngingo izamenyekanisha ibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi bya inductor nibiranga, kandi inayobora abashinzwe ingufu guhitamo ibicuruzwa bisanzwe biboneka mubucuruzi.

Ijambo ry'ibanze

Inductor ni ikintu cyerekana amashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki, ikorwa no guhinduranya umubare runaka wa coil (coil) kuri bobbin cyangwa intoki hamwe ninsinga. Iyi coil yitwa coil inductance coil cyangwa Inductor. Ukurikije ihame rya induction ya electromagnetic, mugihe coil hamwe numurima wa magneti bigenda ugereranije nundi, cyangwa coil ikabyara umurima wa magneti uhinduranya unyuze mumasoko asimburana, hazakorwa voltage iterwa no kurwanya ihinduka ryumurima wa magneti wambere, kandi ibi biranga kubuza impinduka zubu byitwa inductance.

Inzira y'agaciro ya inductance ni nka formula (1), ihwanye na magnetique yinjira, kare ya kwihinduranya ihinduranya N, hamwe na magnetiki yumuzunguruko uhwanye na Ae, kandi bihwanye nuburinganire buringaniye bwa magnetiki umuzenguruko le . Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa inductance, buri kimwe kibereye porogaramu zitandukanye; inductance ifitanye isano nuburyo, ingano, uburyo bwo guhinduranya, umubare wimpinduka, nubwoko bwibintu bigezweho.

(1)

Ukurikije imiterere yibyuma, inductance irimo toroidal, E ingoma ningoma; kubijyanye nibikoresho byibyuma, hariho cyane cyane ceramic core nubwoko bubiri bworoshye bwa magneti. Ni ifu ya ferrite na metallic. Ukurikije imiterere cyangwa uburyo bwo gupakira, hariho igikomere cyinsinga, ibice byinshi, kandi bibumbabumbwe, kandi igikomere cyinsinga ntigifite ingabo na kimwe cya kabiri cya kole ya magnetiki Ikingira (igice-gikingiwe) kandi ikingiwe (ikingiwe), nibindi.

Inductor ikora nkumuzunguruko mugufi mumashanyarazi ataziguye, kandi irerekana impedance nini yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi. Ibyingenzi bikoreshwa mukuzunguruka birimo kuniga, kuyungurura, guhuza, no kubika ingufu. Mugukoresha uburyo bwo guhinduranya ibintu, inductor nigice cyingenzi cyo kubika ingufu, kandi ikora akayunguruzo gato-kayunguruzo hamwe n’ibisohoka kugirango igabanye ingufu za voltage ripple, bityo ikagira uruhare runini mumikorere yo kuyungurura.

Iyi ngingo izamenyekanisha ibikoresho bitandukanye byingenzi byindobanure nibiranga, kimwe na bimwe mubiranga amashanyarazi ya inductor, nkibisobanuro byingenzi byo gusuzuma guhitamo inductors mugihe cyateguwe cyumuzunguruko. Murugero rwo gusaba, uburyo bwo kubara agaciro ka inductance nuburyo bwo guhitamo ibicuruzwa bisanzwe biboneka mubucuruzi bizatangizwa hakoreshejwe ingero zifatika.

Ubwoko bwibikoresho byingenzi

Inductor zikoreshwa muguhindura abahindura ni ibintu byinshi bya magnetiki. Ibikoresho byibanze muri centre bigira ingaruka cyane kubiranga inductor, nka impedance na frequency, agaciro ka inductance ninshuro, cyangwa ibintu byuzuye byuzuye. Ibikurikira bizerekana kugereranya ibikoresho byinshi bisanzwe byuma hamwe nibiranga kwiyuzuzamo nkibyingenzi byingenzi byo guhitamo amashanyarazi:

1. Ceramic core

Ceramic core nimwe mubikoresho bisanzwe bya inductance. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugutanga imiterere yingoboka ikoreshwa mugihe kizunguruka coil. Yitwa kandi "indege ya inductor". Kuberako icyuma gikoreshwa nikintu kitari magnetique hamwe na coeffisente yubushyuhe buke cyane, agaciro ka inductance karahagaze neza mubipimo byubushyuhe bukora. Ariko, kubera ibikoresho bitari magnetique nkibikoresho, inductance iri hasi cyane, idakwiriye cyane gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi.

2. Ferrite

Intungamubiri ya ferrite ikoreshwa muri rusange inductors yumurongo mwinshi ni ifumbire ya ferrite irimo nikel zinc (NiZn) cyangwa manganese zinc (MnZn), nikintu cyoroshye cya magnetiki ferromagnetic yoroheje hamwe nubushobozi buke. Igishushanyo cya 1 cyerekana umurongo wa hystereze (BH loop) ya rusange ya magnetiki. Imbaraga zagahato HC yibikoresho bya magnetique nayo yitwa imbaraga zagahato, bivuze ko mugihe ibintu bya magneti bimaze gukwirakwizwa no kwiyuzuzamo magnetique, magnetisiyasi yayo (magnetisation) igabanuka kugeza kuri zeru Imbaraga za magneti zisabwa muricyo gihe. Guhatira hasi bisobanura kurwanya hasi ya demagnetisation kandi bisobanura no gutakaza hystereze.

Manganese-zinc na nikel-zinc ferrites zifite ubushobozi bwo kugereranya (μr), hafi 1500-15000 na 100-1000. Imbaraga za magnetique nyinshi zituma intandaro yicyuma iba hejuru mubunini runaka. Inductance. Nyamara, ibibi ni uko kwihanganira kwiyuzuzamo kwinshi, kandi icyuma kimaze kuzura, imbaraga za rukuruzi zizagabanuka cyane. Reba ku gishushanyo cya 4 kugirango igabanuka ryikwirakwizwa rya magnetiki ya ferrite na poro yifu ya fer mugihe icyuma cyuzuye. Kugereranya. Iyo ikoreshejwe mumashanyarazi, icyuho cyumwuka kizasigara mumuzingi nyamukuru wa magneti, gishobora kugabanya ubwikorezi, kwirinda kwiyuzuza no kubika ingufu nyinshi; mugihe icyuho cyumwuka kirimo, impuzandengo ihwanye nayo irashobora kuba nka 20- Hagati ya 200. Kubera ko ubukana bwinshi bwibikoresho ubwabwo bushobora kugabanya igihombo cyatewe numuyaga wa eddy, igihombo kiri munsi yumurongo mwinshi, kandi birakwiriye cyane impinduka nyinshi-zihindura, EMI iyungurura inductors hamwe nububiko bwingufu zo guhindura amashanyarazi. Kubijyanye na frequence ikora, nikel-zinc ferrite ikwiriye gukoreshwa (> 1 MHz), mugihe ferrite ya manganese-zinc ikwiranye na bande yo hasi (<2 MHz).

1

Igishushanyo 1

3. Ifu yicyuma

Ifu ya coro yamashanyarazi nayo ni ibikoresho byoroshye-magnetiki ferromagnetic. Bikozwe mu ifu yifu yibikoresho bitandukanye cyangwa ifu yicyuma gusa. Ihuriro ririmo ibikoresho bitari magnetique bifite ubunini butandukanye, bityo umurongo wuzuye wuzuye ugereranije. Ifu ya fer yibanze ahanini ni toroidal. Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana ifu yicyuma hamwe nuburyo bwambukiranya ibice.

Ifu isanzwe ifu yibyuma birimo fer-nikel-molybdenum alloy (MPP), sendust (Sendust), icyuma-nikel alloy (flux flux) hamwe nifu yicyuma (ifu yicyuma). Kubera ibice bitandukanye, ibiranga n'ibiciro nabyo biratandukanye, bigira ingaruka kumahitamo ya inductors. Ibikurikira bizamenyekanisha ubwoko bwibanze buvuzwe haruguru hanyuma ugereranye ibiranga:

A. Icyuma-nikel-molybdenum alloy (MPP)

Fe-Ni-Mo alloy mu magambo ahinnye nka MPP, ni impfunyapfunyo ya molypermalloy. Ikigereranyo kigereranywa ni 14-500, naho ubwinshi bwa magnetiki flux yuzuye ni 7500 Gauss (Gauss), ikaba iruta ubwinshi bwa magnetiki flux yuzuye ya ferrite (hafi 4000-5000 Gauss). Benshi hanze. MPP ifite igihombo gitoya cyicyuma kandi ifite ubushyuhe bwiza mubutaka bwa poro. Iyo DC yo hanze igeze kuri ISAT yuzuye, agaciro ka inductance kagabanuka gahoro gahoro nta attenuation itunguranye. MPP ifite imikorere myiza ariko igiciro cyinshi, kandi mubisanzwe ikoreshwa nka inductor yamashanyarazi na EMI muyungurura amashanyarazi.

B. Sendust

Icyuma-silicon-aluminium alloy icyuma ni icyuma kivanze kigizwe nicyuma, silikoni, na aluminium, hamwe na magnetiki igereranije igera kuri 26 kugeza 125. Gutakaza ibyuma biri hagati yifu yicyuma na MPP hamwe nicyuma-nikel . Ubwinshi bwa magnetiki flux yuzuye burenze MPP, hafi 10500 Gauss. Ubushyuhe bwo guhagarara hamwe no kwiyuzuzamo biranga gato munsi ya MPP na fer-nikel, ariko biruta ifu yifu ya fer na ferrite, kandi igiciro ugereranije ni gito kuruta MPP na fer-nikel. Ikoreshwa cyane muri EMI muyungurura, imbaraga zo gukosora ibintu (PFC) hamwe nimbaraga zo guhindura amashanyarazi.

C. Amavuta ya nikel (amavuta menshi)

Icyuma-nikel alloy core ikozwe mubyuma na nikel. Imikoreshereze ya magnetiki igereranijwe ni 14-200. Gutakaza ibyuma hamwe nubushyuhe buri hagati ya MPP na fer-silicon-aluminium. Icyuma-nikel alloy core ifite ubwinshi bwuzuye bwuzuye bwa magnetiki flux yuzuye, hafi 15,000 Gauss, kandi irashobora kwihanganira imigezi yo hejuru ya DC ibogamye, kandi ibiranga DC kubogama nabyo nibyiza. Ingano yo gusaba: Gukosora imbaraga zifatika zo gukosora, inductance yo kubika ingufu, kuyungurura, kuyungurura inshuro nyinshi, guhinduranya ibintu byinshi,

D. Ifu y'icyuma

Ifu yifu yicyuma ikozwe mubutaka bwicyuma cyinshi gifite uduce duto cyane twiziritse hamwe. Uburyo bwo gukora butuma bugira icyuho cyagabanijwe. Usibye imiterere yimpeta, ibisanzwe byifu yifu yibyuma bifite ubwoko bwa E-na kashe. Ikigereranyo cya magnetiki igereranya ifu yifu yicyuma igera kuri 10 kugeza 75, naho ubwinshi bwa magnetiki flux yuzuye ni 15000 Gauss. Mu ifu y'ifu ya poro, ifu y'ifu ya fer ifite igihombo kinini ariko igiciro gito.

Igishushanyo cya 3 cyerekana BH umurongo wa PC47 manganese-zinc ferrite yakozwe na TDK hamwe nifu yicyuma -52 na -2 yakozwe na MICROMETALS; ugereranije na magnetic permeability ya manganese-zinc ferrite irarenze cyane iy'ifu ya poro ya fer kandi iruzuye. Ubwinshi bwa magnetiki flux ubwinshi nabwo buratandukanye cyane, ferrite igera kuri 5000 Gauss naho ifu yicyuma irenga 10000 Gauss.

3

Igishushanyo 3. BH umurongo wa manganese-zinc ferrite hamwe nifu yifu yibikoresho bitandukanye

Muncamake, ibiranga kwiyuzuzamo ibyuma biratandukanye; umuyoboro wuzuye umaze kurenga, magnetiki ya ferrite ya ferrite izagabanuka cyane, mugihe ifu yicyuma ishobora kugabanuka buhoro. Igishushanyo cya 4 cyerekana imbaraga za rukuruzi zigabanuka ziranga ifu yicyuma hamwe na ferrite imwe hamwe na ferrite ifite icyuho cyumuyaga munsi yimbaraga zitandukanye za magneti. Ibi biranasobanura inductance ya ferrite yibanze, kubera ko ubwikorezi bugabanuka cyane iyo intangiriro yuzuye, nkuko bigaragara muburinganire (1), binatera inductance kugabanuka cyane; mugihe ifu yifu hamwe nogukwirakwiza ikirere, magnetique permeability Igipimo kigabanuka gahoro gahoro mugihe icyuma cyuzuye, bityo inductance igabanuka buhoro buhoro, ni ukuvuga ko ifite ibyiza biranga DC kubogama. Mugukoresha imbaraga zihindura imbaraga, ibi biranga ni ngombwa cyane; niba kwiyuzuza gahoro kuranga inductor atari byiza, imiyoboro ya inductor irazamuka ikuzura, kandi kugabanuka gutunguranye kwa inductance bizatera impagarara zubu za kristu ihinduranya kuzamuka cyane, byoroshye guteza ibyangiritse.

4

Igicapo ca 4.

Inductor ibiranga amashanyarazi nuburyo bwa paki

Mugihe utegura guhinduranya no guhitamo inductor, agaciro ka inductance L, impedance Z, AC irwanya ACR na Q agaciro (ibintu byiza), igipimo IDC na ISAT, hamwe nigihombo cyibanze (igihombo cyibanze) nibindi byingenzi biranga amashanyarazi byose bigomba gusuzumwa. Byongeye kandi, imiterere yububiko bwa inductor bizagira ingaruka ku bunini bwa magneti yamenetse, ari nako bigira ingaruka kuri EMI. Ibikurikira bizaganira kubiranga ibyavuzwe haruguru bitandukanye nkibitekerezo byo guhitamo inductors.

1. Agaciro k'induction (L)

Agaciro ka inductance ya inductor nicyo kintu cyingenzi cyibanze mugushushanya kwizunguruka, ariko bigomba kugenzurwa niba agaciro ka inductance gahagaze kumurongo wogukora. Agaciro k'izina rya inductance mubusanzwe gipimwa 100 kHz cyangwa 1 MHz nta kubogama kwa DC hanze. Kandi kugirango hamenyekane umusaruro mwinshi wikora, kwihanganira inductor mubisanzwe ± 20% (M) na ± 30% (N). Igishushanyo cya 5 ni inductance-frequency iranga igishushanyo cya Taiyo Yuden inductor NR4018T220M yapimwe na metero LCR ya Wayne Kerr. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo, inductance value curve irasa neza mbere ya 5 MHz, kandi agaciro ka inductance gashobora gufatwa nkigihe gihoraho. Mumurongo mwinshi cyane kubera resonance iterwa na parasitike capacitance na inductance, agaciro ka inductance kaziyongera. Inshuro ya resonance yiswe kwikorera-resonant frequency (SRF), mubisanzwe ikenera kuba hejuru cyane kurenza imikorere ikora.

5

Igishushanyo 5, Taiyo Yuden NR4018T220M inductance-frequency iranga igipimo cyo gupima

2. Impedance (Z)

Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6, igishushanyo mbonera gishobora no kugaragara uhereye kumikorere ya inductance kumirongo itandukanye. Impedance ya inductor igereranijwe hafi na frequence (Z = 2πfL), bityo rero uko inshuro nyinshi, reaction izaba nini cyane kuruta AC irwanya AC, bityo impedance ikitwara nkinduction yuzuye (icyiciro ni 90˚). Kumurongo mwinshi, bitewe nubushobozi bwa parasitike, imbaraga-yo-kwiyumvamo inshuro ya impedance irashobora kugaragara. Nyuma yiyi ngingo, impedance iragabanuka ihinduka ubushobozi, kandi icyiciro gihinduka buhoro buhoro -90 ˚.

6

3. Q agaciro no kurwanya AC (ACR)

Q agaciro mubisobanuro bya inductance ni igipimo cya reaction yo kurwanya, ni ukuvuga igipimo cyigice cyibitekerezo nigice nyacyo cya impedance, nkuko biri muri formula (2).

(2)

Aho XL ni reaction ya inductor, na RL ni AC irwanya inductor.

Muburyo buke bwumurongo, AC irwanya nini kuruta reaction iterwa na inductance, Q agaciro kayo rero ni gake cyane; uko inshuro ziyongera, reaction (hafi 2πfL) iba nini kandi nini, nubwo kurwanya biterwa n'ingaruka zuruhu (ingaruka zuruhu) hamwe ningaruka zegeranye) ; iyo wegereye SRF, reaction ya inductive igenda ihindagurika buhoro buhoro na capacitif reaction, kandi Q agaciro gahoro gahoro; iyo SRF ibaye zeru, kuberako reaction ya inductive na capacitive reaction nimwe rwose Kubura. Igicapo 7 kirerekana isano iri hagati ya Q agaciro ninshuro ya NR4018T220M, kandi umubano uri muburyo bwinzogera ihindagurika.

7

Igicapo 7. Isano iri hagati ya Q agaciro ninshuro ya Taiyo Yuden inductor NR4018T220M

Mubisabwa inshuro ya bande ya inductance, hejuru ya Q agaciro, nibyiza; bivuze ko reaction yayo iruta kure cyane kurwanya AC. Muri rusange, Q nziza nziza iri hejuru ya 40, bivuze ko ubwiza bwa inductor ari bwiza. Ariko, mubisanzwe uko DC ibogamye yiyongera, agaciro ka inductance kazagabanuka kandi Q agaciro nayo izagabanuka. Niba insinga iringaniye cyangwa insinga nyinshi zometseho insinga zikoreshwa, ingaruka zuruhu, ni ukuvuga kurwanya AC, zirashobora kugabanuka, kandi Q agaciro ka inductor nayo irashobora kwiyongera.

DC irwanya DCR muri rusange ifatwa nkurwanya DC rwumuringa wumuringa, kandi kurwanywa birashobora kubarwa ukurikije diameter ya wire nuburebure. Nyamara, ibyinshi mubyuma byoroheje bya SMD bizakoresha gusudira ultrasonic kugirango bikore urupapuro rwumuringa wa SMD kuri terminal. Nyamara, kubera ko insinga z'umuringa zitari ndende mu burebure kandi agaciro ko guhangana ntikaba hejuru, kurwanya gusudira akenshi bigira uruhare runini rwinshi muri DC. Dufashe urugero rwa TDK rwakomerekejwe na SMD inductor CLF6045NIT-1R5N, urugero rwa DC yapimwe ni 14,6mΩ, naho DC irwanya ibarwa ishingiye kuri diameter ya wire n'uburebure ni 12.1mΩ. Ibisubizo byerekana ko uku gusudira gusudira bingana na 17% byurwanya DC muri rusange.

AC irwanya ACR ifite ingaruka zuruhu ningaruka zegeranye, bizatera ACR kwiyongera hamwe ninshuro; mugushira mubikorwa inductance rusange, kuberako ibice bya AC biri munsi cyane ugereranije na DC, ingaruka zatewe na ACR ntabwo zigaragara; ariko ku mutwaro woroshye, Kuberako ibice bya DC byagabanutse, igihombo cyatewe na ACR ntigishobora kwirengagizwa. Ingaruka yuruhu isobanura ko mubihe bya AC, ikwirakwizwa ryimbere mu kiyobora ntiriringaniye kandi ryibanze ku buso bw’insinga, bigatuma habaho kugabanuka kwingingo zingana zingana n’igice, ari nako byongera imbaraga zingana n’umugozi hamwe inshuro. Mubyongeyeho, muguhinduranya insinga, insinga zegeranye zizatera kongeramo no gukuramo imirima ya magneti bitewe numuyoboro, kuburyo umuyoboro wibanze kumurongo hejuru yegeranye ninsinga (cyangwa hejuru ya kure, bitewe nicyerekezo cyumuyaga ), nayo itera guhuza insinga zingana. Ikintu agace kagabanuka kandi irwanya iringaniza ryiyongera nicyo bita ingaruka zegeranye; muri inductance ikoreshwa ya multilayeri ihindagurika, ingaruka yegeranye iragaragara cyane.

8

Igicapo 8 kirerekana isano iri hagati yo kurwanya AC hamwe ninshuro ya insinga-igikomere ya SMD inductor NR4018T220M. Kuri frequence ya 1kHz, kurwanya ni 360mΩ; kuri 100kHz, kurwanya birazamuka bigera kuri 775mΩ; kuri 10MHz, agaciro ko guhangana ni hafi 160Ω. Mugihe cyo kugereranya igihombo cyumuringa, kubara bigomba gusuzuma ACR yatewe nuruhu ningaruka zegeranye, hanyuma ikabihindura kuri formula (3).

4. Umuyoboro wuzuye (ISAT)

Kwiyuzuzamo kwa ISAT muri rusange kubogama kurikimenyetso kuranga mugihe agaciro ka inductance kiyongereye nka 10%, 30%, cyangwa 40%. Kuri ferrite yo mu kirere, kubera ko kwiyuzuza kwayo kuranga byihuta cyane, nta tandukaniro ryinshi riri hagati ya 10% na 40%. Reba ku gishushanyo cya 4. Ariko, niba ari intungamubiri yifu yicyuma (nka inductor yashyizweho kashe), umurongo wo kwiyuzuzamo uroroshye, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 9, kubogama kuri 10% cyangwa 40% byimikorere ya inductance ni byinshi zitandukanye, kubwibyo kwiyuzuzamo agaciro bizaganirwaho ukundi kubwoko bubiri bwibyuma bikurikira.

Kuri ferrite yumuyaga, birakwiriye gukoresha ISAT nkumupaka wo hejuru wa inductor ntarengwa ya porogaramu zikoreshwa. Ariko, niba ari ifu yifu yicyuma, kubera kwiyuzuzamo gahoro gahoro, ntakibazo kizabaho nubwo imiyoboro ntarengwa yumurongo wa porogaramu irenze ISAT. Kubwibyo, iki cyuma kiranga kirakwiriye cyane guhinduranya porogaramu. Munsi yumutwaro uremereye, nubwo agaciro ka inductance ya inductor ari muke, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 9, ibintu bihindagurika ni byinshi, ariko kwihanganira ubushobozi bwa capacitori iri hejuru, ntabwo rero bizaba ikibazo. Munsi yumutwaro woroshye, agaciro ka inductance ya inductor nini, ifasha kugabanya imiyoboro ihindagurika ya inductor, bityo kugabanya icyuma. Igicapo 9 kigereranya kwiyuzuzamo kugihe cyo gukomeretsa kwa TDK ferrite SLF7055T1R5N hamwe na kashe ya poro yifu ya inductor SPM6530T1R5M ifite agaciro kamwe kamwe ka inductance.

9

Igishushanyo 9

5. Ikigereranyo cyagenwe (IDC)

Agaciro IDC ni DC ibogamye iyo ubushyuhe bwa inductor buzamutse kuri Tr˚C. Ibisobanuro birerekana kandi agaciro kayo ko kurwanya DC RDC kuri 20˚C. Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwumuringa wumuringa bugera kuri 3.930 ppm, mugihe ubushyuhe bwa Tr buzamutse, agaciro kayo ko kurwanya ni RDC_Tr = RDC (1 + 0.00393Tr), naho gukoresha ingufu ni PCU = I2DCxRDC. Iki gihombo cy'umuringa gikwirakwizwa hejuru ya inductor, kandi kurwanya ubushyuhe ΘTH ya inductor irashobora kubarwa:

(2)

Imbonerahamwe 2 yerekeza ku rupapuro rwamakuru rwuruhererekane rwa TDK VLS6045EX (6.0 × 6.0 × 4.5mm), kandi rukabara ubukana bw’ubushyuhe ku izamuka ry’ubushyuhe bwa 40˚C. Ikigaragara ni uko kuri inductors zuruhererekane nubunini bumwe, kubara ubushyuhe bwumuriro burasa nkaho ari bitewe nubuso bumwe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe; muyandi magambo, igipimo cyagenwe IDC ya inductors zitandukanye zirashobora kugereranywa. Urukurikirane rutandukanye (paki) za inductors zifite ubushyuhe butandukanye. Imbonerahamwe 3 igereranya ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa inductor ya seriveri ya TDK VLS6045EX (igice gikingiwe) hamwe na SPM6530 ikurikirana (ibumba). Ninini irwanya ubushyuhe, nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwiyongera iyo inductance inyuze mumitwaro yumutwaro; bitabaye ibyo, hepfo.

(2)

Imbonerahamwe 2. Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa VLS6045EX yindobanure yubushyuhe bwa 40˚C

Birashobora kugaragara kuva ku mbonerahamwe ya 3 ko niyo ingano ya inductors isa, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa inductor zashyizweho kashe ni bike, ni ukuvuga ko ubushyuhe ari bwiza.

(3)

Imbonerahamwe 3. Kugereranya kurwanya ubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi atandukanye.

6. Igihombo kinini

Igihombo kinini, cyitwa gutakaza ibyuma, biterwa ahanini nigihombo cya eddy no gutakaza hystereze. Ingano ya eddy igihombo ahanini biterwa nuko ibikoresho byibanze byoroshye "kwitwara"; niba imiyoboro ihanitse, ni ukuvuga, irwanya rito, igihombo cya eddy kiri hejuru, kandi niba kurwanya ferrite ari byinshi, igihombo cya eddy kiri hasi. Eddy igihombo cyubu nacyo kijyanye na frequency. Iyo inshuro nyinshi, niko igihombo kinini cya eddy. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byingenzi bizagena imikorere ikwiye yibikorwa. Muri rusange, inshuro zikora za poro yifu yicyuma irashobora kugera kuri 1MHz, naho inshuro ikora ya ferrite irashobora kugera kuri 10MHz. Niba inshuro ikora irenze iyi frequency, igihombo cya eddy kiziyongera vuba kandi ubushyuhe bwicyuma nabwo buziyongera. Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryibikoresho byibanze, ibyuma byuma bifite imirongo myinshi ikora bigomba kuba hafi yinguni.

Ikindi gihombo cyicyuma nigihombo cya hystereze, kijyanye nubuso buzengurutswe nu murongo wa hystereze, bifitanye isano na swing amplitude ya AC yibigize AC; nini ya AC swing, niko gutakaza hystereze.

Mumuzunguruko uhwanye na inductor, résistor ihuza ibangikanye na inductor ikoreshwa kenshi kugirango igaragaze igihombo cyicyuma. Iyo inshuro zingana na SRF, reaction ya inductive na capacitive reaction irahagarara, kandi reaction ihwanye na zeru. Muri iki gihe, inzitizi ya inductor ihwanye no kwihanganira gutakaza ibyuma bikurikiranye no guhangana n’umuyaga, kandi kwihanganira gutakaza ibyuma ni binini cyane kuruta guhangana n’umuyaga, bityo rero inzitizi kuri SRF igereranywa no kurwanya icyuma. Dufashe urugero rwumubyigano muke nkurugero, ibyuma birwanya gutakaza ibyuma ni 20kΩ. Niba imbaraga zingirakamaro zingirakamaro kumpande zombi za inductor zivugwa ko ari 5V, igihombo cyicyuma kingana na 1.25mW, nacyo cyerekana ko uko binini birwanya gutakaza ibyuma, nibyiza.

7. Imiterere yingabo

Imiterere yububiko bwa ferrite yinjizamo ikubiyemo idakingiwe, igice-gikingiwe hamwe na magnetique, kandi ikingiwe, kandi hariho icyuho kinini cyumwuka murimwe muribi. Ikigaragara ni uko icyuho cyo mu kirere kizaba gifite magnetiki yamenetse, kandi mubihe bibi cyane, bizabangamira imiyoboro ntoya yerekana ibimenyetso, cyangwa niba hari ibikoresho bya magneti hafi, inductance nayo izahinduka. Ubundi buryo bwo gupakira ni kashe ya poro ya inductor. Kubera ko nta cyuho kiri imbere muri inductor kandi imiterere ihindagurika irakomeye, ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza magnetiki ni gito. Igicapo 10 nugukoresha imikorere ya FFT ya oscilloscope ya RTO 1004 kugirango bapime ubunini bwumurima wa magnetiki utemba kuri 3mm hejuru no kuruhande rwa inductor yashyizweho kashe. Imbonerahamwe 4 irerekana igereranya rya magnetiki yamenetse yamashanyarazi atandukanye. Birashobora kugaragara ko inductors idakingiwe ifite magnetique ikomeye cyane; kashe ya inductors ifite magnetiki ntoya yamenetse, yerekana ingaruka nziza zo gukingira. . Itandukaniro mubunini bwa magnetiki yamenetse yumurima wa inductors yizi nzego zombi ni nka 14dB, ni hafi inshuro 5.

10

Igicapo 10. Ubunini bwumurego wa magnetiki yamenetse wapimye kuri 3mm hejuru no kuruhande rwa inductor yashyizweho kashe

(4)

Imbonerahamwe 4. Kugereranya kumashanyarazi ya magnetiki yamenetse yimiterere yimiterere itandukanye

8. guhuza

Mubisabwa bimwe, rimwe na rimwe hariho ibice byinshi bya DC bihindura kuri PCB, mubisanzwe bitunganijwe kuruhande, kandi inductors yabyo nayo itunganijwe kuruhande. Niba ukoresheje ubwoko butakingiwe cyangwa igice cyakingiwe hamwe na magnetiki glue Inductors irashobora guhuzwa hamwe kugirango ugire EMI kwivanga. Kubwibyo, mugihe ushyize inductor, birasabwa kubanza kwerekana polarite ya inductor, hanyuma ugahuza aho utangirira no guhindukira kumurongo wimbere wimbere ya inductor na voltage ihinduranya, nka VSW yumuhinduzi wamafaranga, nicyo kigenda. Isohoka risohoka ryahujwe na capacitor isohoka, niyo ngingo ihagaze; umuringa wumuringa uzunguruka rero ukora urwego runaka rwumuriro wamashanyarazi. Muri gahunda yo gukoresha insinga ya multiplexer, gukosora polarite ya inductance bifasha gukosora ubunini bwa inductance hamwe no kwirinda ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bitunguranye bya EMI.

Porogaramu:

Igice kibanziriza iki cyibanze ku bintu by'ibanze, imiterere ya paki, n'ibiranga amashanyarazi akomeye ya inductor. Iki gice kizasobanura uburyo bwo guhitamo agaciro keza ka inductance yimpinduka hamwe nibitekerezo byo guhitamo inductor iboneka mubucuruzi.

Nkuko bigaragara mu kuringaniza (5), agaciro ka inductor hamwe ninshuro yo guhinduranya byahindura bizagira ingaruka kuri inductor ripple current (ΔiL). Imiyoboro ya inductor izanyura mumashanyarazi asohoka kandi igire ingaruka kumyuka ya capacitor. Kubwibyo, bizagira ingaruka ku guhitamo ibisohoka bisohoka kandi birusheho kugira ingaruka ku bunini bwa ripple yubuso bwa voltage. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, agaciro ka inductance hamwe nibisohoka capacitance agaciro nabyo bizagira ingaruka kubishushanyo mbonera bya sisitemu hamwe nigisubizo cyingirakamaro cyumutwaro. Guhitamo agaciro kanini ka inductance bifite impungenge nke kuri capacitor, kandi ningirakamaro kugabanya ingufu za voltage ripple kandi irashobora kubika ingufu nyinshi. Nyamara, agaciro kanini ka inductance yerekana ingano nini, ni ukuvuga igiciro kinini. Kubwibyo, mugihe dushushanya abahindura, igishushanyo mbonera cyagaciro ni ingenzi cyane.

(5)

Birashobora kugaragara uhereye kuri formula (5) ko mugihe itandukaniro riri hagati yumubyigano winjiza na voltage isohoka ari nini, inductor ripple current izaba nini, aribwo buryo bubi-bubi bwibishushanyo mbonera. Hamwe nandi masesengura yivangura, igishushanyo mbonera cya inductance ya intambwe yo hasi ihinduranya igomba guhitamo mugihe cyimiterere yinjiza nini yumutwaro wuzuye.

Mugihe utegura agaciro ka inductance, birakenewe ko ucuruza hagati yumurongo wa inductor nu bunini bwa inductor, kandi ibintu byerekana ibintu (ripple current factor; γ) byasobanuwe hano, nkuko biri muri formula (6).

（6）

Gusimbuza formula (6) muri formula (5), agaciro ka inductance gashobora kugaragazwa nka formula (7).

（7）

Ukurikije formula (7), mugihe itandukaniro riri hagati yinjiza nibisohoka voltage nini, γ agaciro gashobora gutoranywa kinini; kubinyuranyo, niba ibyinjijwe nibisohoka voltage byegeranye, design igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kuba gito. Kugirango uhitemo hagati ya inductor ripple nubu nubunini, ukurikije uburambe bwubushakashatsi bwa gakondo, γ ni 0.2 kugeza 0.5. Ibikurikira bifata RT7276 nkurugero rwo kwerekana kubara inductance no guhitamo ibicuruzwa byinjira mubucuruzi.

Igishushanyo mbonera: Yashizweho na RT7276 yateye imbere buri gihe ku gihe (Advanced Constant On-Time; ACOTTM) synchronous rectification intambwe-hasi ihinduranya, inshuro zayo zo guhinduranya ni 700 kHz, voltage yinjira ni 4.5V kugeza 18V, naho voltage isohoka ni 1.05V . Umuyoboro wuzuye ni 3A. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, agaciro ka inductance kagomba gutegurwa mugihe cyimiterere ntarengwa yinjiza ya 18V hamwe nuburemere bwuzuye bwa 3A, agaciro ka γ gafatwa nka 0.35, naho agaciro kavuzwe haruguru kagasimbuzwa kuringaniza (7), inductance agaciro ni

Koresha inductor ifite indangagaciro zisanzwe zingana na 1.5 µH. Gusimbuza formula (5) kugirango ubare inductor ripple ikurikira nkuko bikurikira.

Kubwibyo, impinga yimikorere ya inductor ni

Kandi agaciro keza ka inductor igezweho (IRMS) ni

Kuberako ibice byindobanure ari bito, agaciro keza k'umuyoboro wa inductor ni igice cyacyo cya DC, kandi agaciro keza gakoreshwa nk'ishingiro ryo guhitamo inductor yagenwe IDC iriho ubu. Hamwe na 80% yo gushushanya (derating) igishushanyo, ibisabwa bya inductance ni:

L = 1.5 µH (100 kHz), IDC = 3.77 A, ISAT = 4.34 A.

Imbonerahamwe 5 irerekana inductors ziboneka zuruhererekane rwa TDK, bisa mubunini ariko bitandukanye muburyo bwa pack. Birashobora kugaragara kumeza ko kwiyuzuzamo no kugereranywa numuyoboro wa kashe (SPM6530T-1R5M) nini, kandi kurwanya ubushyuhe ni bito kandi gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe nibyiza. Mubyongeyeho, ukurikije ikiganiro kiri mu gice kibanziriza iki, ibikoresho byingenzi bya inductor yashyizweho kashe ni ifu yifu yicyuma, bityo igereranwa na ferrite yibanze ya kimwe cya kabiri (VLS6045EX-1R5N) kandi ikingira (SLF7055T-1R5N). hamwe na kole. , Ifite ibyiza DC ibogamye. Igicapo 11 kirerekana igereranya ryimikorere ya inductors zitandukanye zikoreshwa kuri RT7276 zihoraho mugihe gikwiye cyo gukosora intambwe-hasi ihinduka. Ibisubizo byerekana ko itandukaniro ryimikorere hagati yibi bitatu ridafite akamaro. Niba utekereje gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, ibiranga DC kubogama hamwe nibibazo byo gukwirakwiza magnetiki, birasabwa gukoresha indimu ya SPM6530T-1R5M.

（5）

Imbonerahamwe 5. Kugereranya induction yuruhererekane rutandukanye rwa TDK

11

Igicapo 11. Kugereranya imikorere ihinduka hamwe na inductors zitandukanye

Niba uhisemo imiterere imwe yububiko hamwe nagaciro ka inductance, ariko inductors ntoya, nka SPM4015T-1R5M (4.4 × 4.1 × 1.5mm), nubwo ubunini bwayo ari buto, ariko DC irwanya RDC (44.5mΩ) hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro ΘTH ( 51˚C) / W) Kinini. Kubahindura ibisobanuro bimwe, agaciro keza k'ubu kihanganirwa na inductor nayo ni imwe. Biragaragara, DC irwanya izagabanya imikorere munsi yumutwaro uremereye. Byongeye kandi, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi bisobanura kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, mugihe uhisemo inductor, ntabwo ari ngombwa gutekereza gusa ku nyungu zagabanijwe, ahubwo tunasuzume ibitagenda neza.

Mu gusoza

Inductance nimwe mubintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwo guhinduranya imbaraga, zishobora gukoreshwa mububiko bwingufu no kuyungurura. Nyamara, mubishushanyo mbonera byumuzunguruko, ntabwo agaciro ka inductance gusa kagomba kwitabwaho, ahubwo nibindi bipimo birimo kurwanya AC hamwe nagaciro ka Q, kwihanganira ubungubu, kwiyuzuzamo ibyuma, hamwe nuburyo bwa paki, nibindi, byose nibipimo bigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo inductor. . Ibipimo mubisanzwe bifitanye isano nibikoresho byingenzi, inzira yo gukora, nubunini nigiciro. Kubwibyo, iyi ngingo irerekana ibiranga ibikoresho bitandukanye byibyuma nuburyo bwo guhitamo inductance ikwiye nkibishushanyo mbonera bitanga amashanyarazi.