amakuru

Urakoze gusura Kamere. Verisiyo ya mushakisha ukoresha ifite ubufasha buke kuri CSS.Kuburambe bwiza, turagusaba ko wakoresha verisiyo nshya ya mushakisha (cyangwa kuzimya uburyo bwo guhuza muri Internet Explorer) .Mu gihe kimwe , kugirango tumenye neza inkunga, tuzerekana imbuga zidafite imiterere na JavaScript.
Inyongeramusaruro hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hasi bwo gucapura birashobora guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye bitwara ingufu kandi bitwara ingufu kubikoresho bya elegitoronike byoroshye ku giciro gito.Nyamara, gukora sisitemu ya elegitoroniki yuzuye ivuye muri ibyo bikoresho mubisanzwe bisaba ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki kugirango bihindurwe hagati ya voltage zitandukanye zikorwa za ibikoresho. Ibice byingenzi-inductors, capacator, na résistoriste - bikora imirimo nko kuyungurura, kubika ingufu zigihe gito, no gupima voltage, nibyingenzi muri electronics power nibindi bikorwa byinshi.Muri iyi ngingo, turamenyekanisha inductors, capacator, résistoriste hamwe na RLC umuzenguruko wacapishijwe kuri plastike yoroheje ya plastike, hanyuma utange raporo yuburyo bwo gukora kugirango ugabanye urukurikirane rwimikorere ya inductor kugirango zishobore gukoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki .Inductor yanditswemo na rezistor noneho byinjizwa mumuzunguruko uzamura.Ibikorwa ya diode itanga urumuri hamwe na bateri ya lithium-ion yoroheje. Igenzura rya voltage rikoreshwa mugukoresha ingufu za diode ziva muri bateri, zerekana ubushobozi bwibikoresho byacapwe byoroshye kugirango bisimbuze ibice bisanzwe byububiko bwa porogaramu ya DC-DC ihindura.
Mu myaka yashize, hashyizweho uburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho byoroshye byifashishwa mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki byambarwa kandi binini hamwe na interineti y’ibintu1,2. Muri byo harimo ibikoresho byo gusarura ingufu, nka Photovoltaic 3, piezoelectric 4, na thermoelectric 5; ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, nka bateri 6, 7; n'ibikoresho bitwara ingufu, nka sensor 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, hamwe nisoko yumucyo 13.Nubwo hari intambwe nini imaze guterwa mumasoko yingufu hamwe numuzigo, guhuza ibyo bice muburyo bwa elegitoronike yuzuye mubisanzwe bisaba ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki kugirango kunesha ikintu cyose kidahuye hagati yimyitwarire yumuriro nibisabwa umutwaro.Urugero, bateri itanga voltage ihindagurika ukurikije uko yishyuye.Niba umutwaro usaba voltage ihoraho, cyangwa hejuru ya voltage bateri ishobora kubyara, ingufu za electronics zirakenewe .Imbaraga za elegitoroniki zikoresha ibice bikora (transistors) kugirango bikore imirimo yo guhinduranya no kugenzura, kimwe nibice bya pasiporo (inductors, capacator, na résistoriste) .Urugero, mumuzunguruko uhindura, inductor ikoreshwa mukubika ingufu muri buri cyiciro cyo guhinduranya , capacitor ikoreshwa mukugabanya umuvuduko wa voltage, kandi gupima voltage isabwa mugucunga ibitekerezo bikorwa hakoreshejwe kugabanya imashini.
Imbaraga za elegitoronike zikwiranye nibikoresho byambarwa (nka pulse oximeter 9) bisaba volt nyinshi na milliamps nyinshi, mubisanzwe bikora mumirongo yumurongo wa kHz amagana kugeza kuri MHz nyinshi, kandi bisaba μH nyinshi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwinshi μH hamwe nubushobozi μF ni 14 muburyo bukurikira.Uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gukora iyi mizunguruko nugurisha ibikoresho bya disiketi ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko cyacapwe (PCB) .Nubwo ibice byingenzi bigize amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike bikunze guhurizwa hamwe muburyo bumwe bwa silikoni ihuriweho (IC), ibice bya pasiporo mubisanzwe hanze, haba kwemerera imizunguruko yihariye, cyangwa kuberako inductance isabwa hamwe na capacitance nini cyane kuburyo bidashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa muri silicon.
Ugereranije nubuhanga gakondo bwa PCB bushingiye ku buhanga, gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’umuzunguruko binyuze mu buryo bwo gucapa byongeweho bifite inyungu nyinshi mu bijyanye n’ubworoherane n’igiciro.Bwa mbere, kubera ko ibice byinshi bigize uruziga bisaba ibikoresho bimwe, nkibyuma byo guhuza no guhuza, gucapa bituma ibice byinshi bikorerwa icyarimwe, hamwe nintambwe nkeya yo gutunganya hamwe nisoko rito ryibikoresho15.Gukoresha uburyo bwinyongera mugusimbuza inzira zikuramo nka Photolithography na etching bikomeza kugabanya ibikorwa bigoye hamwe n imyanda yibintu16, 17, * ibyo ntibishobora kugerwaho neza hamwe nibice byacapwe, uburyo bwa Hybrid bwatejwe imbere aho tekinoroji yo hejuru yubuso (SMT) ihujwe na substrate yoroheje 21, 22, 23 kuruhande rwibice byacapwe mubushyuhe buke.Mu buryo bwa Hybrid, buracyariho nkenerwa kugirango dusimbuze ibice byinshi bya SMT bishoboka hamwe na bagenzi bacu bacapwe kugirango babone inyungu zinyongera kandi bongere ubwuzuzanye muri rusange bwumuzunguruko.Kugirango tumenye ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye, twasabye guhuza ibice bikora bya SMT hamwe na ecran yacapishijwe pasiporo. ibice, hibandwa cyane cyane kubisimbuza inductors nini ya SMT nindinduramatwara ya planar spiral.Mu buhanga butandukanye bwo gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byacapwe, icapiro rya ecran rirakwiriye cyane cyane ibice bya pasiporo kubera ubunini bwa firime nini (bikaba bikenewe kugirango hagabanuke urukurikirane rwibintu byerekana ibyuma) ) n'umuvuduko mwinshi wo gucapa, niyo mugihe utwikiriye santimetero-urwego Ibice ni ukuri mugihe kimwe.Ibikoresho 24.
Gutakaza ibice bya pasiporo byibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigomba kugabanywa, kubera ko imikorere yumuzunguruko igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mbaraga zisabwa kugira ngo sisitemu ikorwe.Ibi biragoye cyane cyane ku byuma byinjira byacapishijwe bigizwe na coil ndende, bityo bikaba byoroshye cyane ku ruhererekane rwo hejuru. kurwanya ibice kuri substrate yoroheje byateguwe kugirango bikore mumuzunguruko wa resonant kugirango umenye radiyo yumurongo wa radiyo (RFID) cyangwa intego yo gusarura ingufu 10, 12, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31.Ibindi byibanda kubikorwa byiterambere cyangwa ibikorwa byinganda kandi byerekana ibice rusange 26, 32, 33.3
Hano, turamenyekanisha igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nogutezimbere ecran-yacapishijwe inductors murwego rwa μH kugirango tugere ku ntera ntoya yo kurwanya no gukora cyane kuri frequence ijyanye na electronics power. Indorerezi zicapuwe na ecran, capacator, hamwe na résistoriste hamwe nibintu bitandukanye bigize indangagaciro. kuri plasitike yoroheje ya plastike.Ubushobozi bwibigize ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye byerekanwe bwa mbere mumuzunguruko woroheje wa RLC.Inductor na rezistor byacapwe noneho bihuzwa na IC kugirango bigire imbaraga zo kongera imbaraga. Amaherezo, diode kama itanga urumuri (OLED) ) hamwe na bateri yoroheje ya lithium-ion ikorwa, kandi nogukoresha voltage ikoreshwa mugukoresha OLED kuva muri bateri.
Kugirango dushushanye inductors zacapwe zikoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki, twabanje guhanura inductance na DC birwanya urukurikirane rwa geometrike ya inductor dushingiye kumpapuro zigezweho zasabwe muri Mohan nabandi. 35. Ubwoko n'umubare wo gucapura inzinguzingo bigenwa.Ibisubizo byaje gukoreshwa hamwe na moderi ya ammeter mugushushanya 4.7 μH na 7.8 μH inductors zashyizwe mubikorwa byibuze DC irwanya.
Inductance na DC birwanya inductors ya spiral birashobora gusobanurwa nibintu byinshi: diameter yo hanze ikora, guhinduranya ubugari w nu mwanya wa s, umubare wimpinduka n, hamwe nimpapuro ziyobora impapuro zerekana amafaranga.Figure 1a yerekana ifoto ya silik-ecran yacapishijwe uruziga. hamwe n = 12, yerekana ibipimo bya geometrike igena inductance yayo. Ukurikije moderi ya ammeter ya Mohan nabandi. 35, inductance ibarwa kurukurikirane rwa inductor geometrie, aho
. .
Mugihe cyinshi, ingaruka zuruhu hamwe nubushobozi bwa parasitike bizahindura imyigaragambyo ninduction ya inductor ukurikije agaciro kayo DC.Inductor iteganijwe gukora kumurongo muke uhagije ko izo ngaruka ari ntangarugero, kandi igikoresho cyitwara nkubudahangarwa buhoraho. hamwe no guhora duhanganye murukurikirane. Kubwibyo, muriki gikorwa, twasesenguye isano iri hagati yimiterere ya geometrike, inductance, na DC irwanya, kandi dukoresha ibisubizo kugirango tubone inductance yatanzwe hamwe na DC ntoya.
Inductance hamwe nuburwanya bibarwa kurukurikirane rwibipimo bya geometrike bishobora kugerwaho mugucapisha ecran, kandi biteganijwe ko inductance iri murwego rwa μH izabyara. Diameter yo hanze ya cm 3 na 5, ubugari bwumurongo wa microni 500 na 1000 . kubara inductance hamwe no kurwanya indangagaciro byerekanwe mubishusho 1b na c, icyitegererezo. Icyitegererezo kivuga ko inductance hamwe nuburwanya byiyongera uko diameter yinyuma numubare wimpinduka byiyongera, cyangwa uko ubugari bwumurongo bugabanuka.
Kugirango hamenyekane neza ibyahanuwe by'icyitegererezo, inductors za geometrike zitandukanye hamwe na induction zahimbwe kuri substrate ya polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Indangagaciro zapimwe indangagaciro hamwe n’indangagaciro zerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 1b na c.Nubwo imyigaragambyo yerekanaga gutandukana kwayo. agaciro kateganijwe, cyane cyane bitewe nimpinduka zubunini nuburinganire bwa wino yabitswe, inductance yerekanye amasezerano meza cyane nicyitegererezo.
Ibisubizo birashobora gukoreshwa mugushushanya inductor hamwe na inductance isabwa hamwe na DC ntarengwa yo kurwanya.Urugero, tuvuge ko hakenewe inductance ya 2 μH.Figure 1b yerekana ko iyi inductance ishobora kugerwaho hamwe na diameter yo hanze ya cm 3, ubugari bwumurongo ya 500 mkm, na 10. Impinduramatwara imwe irashobora kandi kubyara hakoreshejwe cm 5 z'umurambararo wa cm 5, ubugari bwumurongo wa 500 mm na 5 umurongo cyangwa 1000 mm z'ubugari na 7 (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo) .Kugereranya nuburwanya bwaba batatu bishoboka geometrike mu gishushanyo 1c, urashobora gusanga kwihanganira hasi ya inductor ya cm 5 ifite ubugari bwumurongo wa mm 1000 ni 34 Ω, ibyo bikaba biri munsi ya 40% ugereranije nibindi bibiri. Igikorwa rusange cyo gushushanya kugirango ugere kuri inductance yatanzwe. hamwe no kurwanya byibuze byavunaguye muburyo bukurikira: Icya mbere, hitamo diameter ntarengwa yemewe ya diametre ukurikije imbogamizi zumwanya washyizweho na porogaramu. Noneho, ubugari bwumurongo bugomba kuba bunini bushoboka mugihe ukomeje kugera kubushake busabwa kugirango ubone igipimo cyuzuye cyuzuye (ikigereranyo (3)).
Mugukomeza umubyimba cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke kugirango ugabanye urupapuro rwicyuma cya firime yicyuma, DC irwanya irashobora kugabanuka bitagize ingaruka kuri inductance.Inductor ebyiri, ibipimo bya geometrike byatanzwe mumeza 1, bita L1 na L2, bikozwe nimibare itandukanye yimyenda kugirango isuzume impinduka zokurwanya.Nkuko umubare wino wino wiyongera, kurwanya biragabanuka ugereranije nkuko byari byitezwe, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1d na e, ni inductors L1 na L2, bikurikiranye. Ishusho 1d na e erekana ko ukoresheje ibice 6 byo gutwikiraho, kurwanya birashobora kugabanuka inshuro zigera kuri 6, kandi kugabanuka kwinshi kurwanywa (50-65%) bibaho hagati ya layer 1 na layer 2.Kuko buri cyiciro cya wino ari gito, a ecran ifite ubunini buke bwa gride (imirongo 400 kuri santimetero) ikoreshwa mugucapura izo inductor, zidufasha kwiga ingaruka zububyimbe bwumuyoboro mukurwanya.Mu gihe cyose imiterere yikigereranyo ikomeza kuba nini kuruta imyanzuro ntoya ya gride, a ubunini busa (no kurwanya) burashobora kugerwaho byihuse mugucapura umubare muto wimyenda ifite ubunini bunini bwa gride.Ubu buryo burashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ugere kuri DC imwe nki inductor ya coater 6 yashizwe hano, ariko hamwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukora.
Igishushanyo cya 1d na e byerekana kandi ko ukoresheje inkuta ya silver flake wino DuPont 5064H, kurwanya biragabanuka kubintu bibiri. Uhereye kuri micrografi ya SEM ya firime yacapishijwe wino ebyiri (Ishusho 1f, g), birashobora kuba wabonye ko imiyoboro yo hasi ya wino 5028 iterwa nubunini bwayo buto ndetse no kuba hari ubusa bwinshi hagati yibice biri muri firime yacapwe. Kurundi ruhande, 5064H ifite flake nini, itunganijwe neza, bigatuma yitwara hafi yubwinshi ifeza.Nubwo firime yakozwe niyi wino yoroheje kurusha wino 5028, hamwe numurongo umwe wa 4 mm na 6 6 ya 22 mm, kwiyongera kwimikorere birahagije kugirango bigabanye guhangana muri rusange.
Hanyuma, nubwo inductance (kugereranya (1)) biterwa numubare wimpinduka (w + s), kurwanya (kugereranya (5)) biterwa gusa nubugari bwumurongo w.Niyo mpamvu, nukwiyongera w ugereranije na s, kurwanya irashobora kugabanywa kurushaho. Inductors ebyiri zinyongera L3 na L4 zagenewe kugira w = 2s na diameter nini yo hanze, nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.Iyi inductor yakozwe hamwe n’ibice 6 bya DuPont 5064H, nkuko byerekanwe mbere, kugirango itange imikorere ihanitse.Induction ya L3 ni 4.720 ± 0.002 μH naho irwanya ni 4.9 ± 0.1 Ω, naho inductance ya L4 ni 7.839 ± 0.005 μH na 6.9 ± 0.1 Ω, ibyo bikaba bihuza neza nubuhanuzi bw'icyitegererezo. Bitewe na kwiyongera mubyimbye, ubworoherane, na w / s, ibi bivuze ko igipimo cya L / R cyiyongereye kurenza gahunda yubunini ugereranije nagaciro kari mumashusho 1.
Nubwo imbaraga nke za DC zitanga ikizere, gusuzuma niba inductors zikoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikoresha ingufu za kHz-MHz bisaba kuranga kuri radiyo ya AC.Figure 2a yerekana inshuro zishingiye ku kurwanya no guhangana na L3 na L4.Ku murongo uri munsi ya 10 MHz . L3 kuba 35,6 ± 0.3 MHz na L4 kuba 24.3 ± 0,6 MHz kuri frequence ya 11 na 16 MHz, muburyo bukurikira.Induction ya μH nkeya hamwe na Q ugereranije cyane kuri Q ya MHz ituma izo inductors zihagije kugirango zisimbuze indangururamajwi zisanzwe zubatswe mumashanyarazi make DC-DC.
Ibipimo byapimwe R na reaction X (a) nibintu byiza Q (b) byinductors L3 na L4 bifitanye isano numurongo.
Kugirango ugabanye ikirenge gisabwa kuri capacitance runaka, nibyiza gukoresha tekinoroji ya capacitor hamwe nubushobozi bunini bwihariye, bingana na dielectric ihoraho ε igabanijwe nubunini bwa dielectric.Mu murimo, twahisemo barium titanate composite nka dielectric kuko ifite epsilon irenze iyindi miti itunganijwe itunganijwe ya dielectrics.Urwego rwa dielectric ni ecran yacapishijwe hagati yimyanda ibiri ya feza kugirango ikore icyuma-dielectric-cyuma. Imashini zifite ubunini butandukanye muri santimetero, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3a . ni urwego rumwe na esheshatu esheshatu 5064H muburyo bukurikira.Micron-nini ya barium titanate ibice bigaragara mumashusho ya SEM kuko uduce twinshi tuzengurutswe numwijima wijimye wijimye. Irangi ya dielectric ihanagura electrode yo hepfo neza kandi ikora intera isobanutse hamwe na icapiro ryicyuma, nkuko bigaragara mu gishushanyo hamwe no gukuza cyane.
(a) Ifoto ya capacitor ifite uduce dutanu dutandukanye. ibice bya dielectric hamwe nibice bitandukanye, bipimye kuri 1 MHz.
Ubushobozi buringaniye n'ahantu hateganijwe. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3c, ubushobozi bwihariye bwa dielectric yuburyo bubiri ni 0.53 nF / cm2, naho ubushobozi bwihariye bwa dielectric ya layer eshatu ni 0.33 nF / cm2.Iyi ndangagaciro ihuye na dielectric ihoraho ya 13.Ibihe ubushobozi bwa capacitance no gusohora (DF) nabwo bwapimwe kuri radiyo zitandukanye, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3d, kuri capacitori ya cm225 ifite ibice bibiri bya dielectric. Twasanze ubushobozi bwaribwo buringaniye muburyo bwinshyi, bwiyongeraho 20% kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 10 MHz, mugihe murwego rumwe, DF yiyongereye kuva 0.013 igera kuri 0.023.Kubera ko ibintu byo gutandukana ari igipimo cyo gutakaza ingufu ningufu zibitswe muri buri cyiciro cya AC, DF ya 0.02 bivuze ko 2% yingufu zikoreshwa na capacitor irakoreshwa. Iki gihombo mubisanzwe kigaragazwa nkurunani rushingiye kumurongo uhwanye na seriveri irwanya (ESR) ihujwe murukurikirane na capacitor, ingana na DF / ωC.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3d, kuri frequence irenze 1 MHz, ESR iri munsi ya 1.5 Ω, naho kuri frequence irenze 4 MHz, ESR iri munsi ya 0.5 Ω.Nubwo ukoresheje ubwo buhanga bwa capacitor, ubushobozi bwa μF-ibyiciro bisabwa kubihindura DC-DC bisaba ahantu hanini cyane, ariko 100 pF- nF ubushobozi bwa capacitance hamwe nigihombo gito cyaba capacator bituma bakora kubindi bikorwa, nka filtri na sisitemu ya resonant .Uburyo butandukanye burashobora gukoreshwa mukongera ubushobozi. kurugero, ibi birashobora kugerwaho mukongera ubunini bwibice bya barium titanate muri wino.Umubyimba muto wa dielectric urashobora gukoreshwa, nubwo ibi bisaba electrode yo hepfo ifite ubukana buke ugereranije na ecran ya feza yacapishijwe.Icyuma, ubushobozi bwo hasi ibice birashobora kubikwa no gucapa inkjet 31 cyangwa gucapura gravure 10, bishobora guhuzwa nuburyo bwo gucapa ecran. Ubwanyuma, ibice byinshi bisimburana byuma na dielectric birashobora gutondekwa no gucapwa no guhuzwa hamwe, bityo bikongerera ubushobozi 34 kuri buri gice .
Igabanywa rya voltage rigizwe na résistoriste isanzwe ikoreshwa mugukora ibipimo bya voltage bisabwa kugirango igenzurwe nigenzura ryumubyigano wa voltage.Kuri ubu bwoko bwa progaramu, kurwanya imirwanyasuri byacapwe bigomba kuba biri murwego rwa kΩ-MΩ, kandi itandukaniro riri hagati ibikoresho ni bito. Hano, wasangaga kurwanya urupapuro rwerekana umurongo umwe wanditseho wino ya karubone yari 900 Ω / □ .Aya makuru akoreshwa mugushushanya ibyuma bibiri birwanya umurongo (R1 na R2) hamwe ninzoka yinzoka (R3) . Ingero 12 za buri bwoko; mubihe byose, gutandukana bisanzwe kurwanywa ni 10% cyangwa munsi yayo.Ihinduka ryokurwanya kwintangarugero hamwe nibice bibiri cyangwa bitatu byo gutwikira bikunda kuba bito cyane ugereranije nibyitegererezo bifite igipande kimwe. Impinduka nto muburwanya bwapimwe kandi amasezerano yegeranye nagaciro kizina yerekana ko izindi nzitizi muriki cyiciro zishobora kuboneka muburyo bwo guhindura geometrike.
Ibintu bitatu bitandukanye birwanya geometrike hamwe numubare utandukanye wa karuboni irwanya irangi. Ifoto yabatatu barwanya iburyo.
Inzira ya RLC ni urugero rwibitabo byintangarugero bya résistoriste, inductor, na capacitori ikoreshwa mu kwerekana no kugenzura imyitwarire yibice bya pasiporo byinjijwe mumuzingo wacapwe.Muri uyu muzunguruko, inductor ya 8 μH na capacitori 0.8 nF byahujwe murukurikirane, na a 25 kΩ résistoriste ihujwe nuburinganire bwabo. Ifoto yumuzunguruko woroshye irerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 5a.Impamvu yo guhitamo uruhererekane rwihariye-ruringaniye ni uko imyitwarire yayo igenwa na buri kimwe mu bice bitatu bitandukanye byinshyi, kugirango imikorere ya buri kintu cyose irashobora kugaragazwa no gusuzumwa. Urebye 7 Ω urukurikirane rwurwanya rwa inductor hamwe na 1.3 Ω ESR ya capacitor, ibisubizo byateganijwe inshuro zumuzunguruko byabazwe. Igishushanyo cyumuzingi cyerekanwe mubishusho 5b, kandi bibarwa impedance amplitude hamwe nicyiciro hamwe nindangagaciro zapimwe zerekanwa mubishushanyo 5c na d.Ku muyoboro muke, impedance nyinshi ya capacitor isobanura ko imyitwarire yumuzunguruko igenwa na 25 kΩ résistoriste.Nkuko inshuro ziyongera, impedance ya inzira ya LC iragabanuka; imyitwarire yumuzunguruko yose irashoboye kugeza igihe resonant yumurongo ari 2.0 MHz. Hejuru ya rezanse ya rezanse, impedance ya inductive iriganje.Figure 5 yerekana neza amasezerano meza hagati yimibare yabazwe kandi yapimwe murwego rwose.Ibyo bivuze ko icyitegererezo cyakoreshejwe hano (aho inductors na capacator nibintu byiza hamwe nibirwanya birwanya) birasobanutse neza kugirango uhanure imyitwarire yumuzunguruko kuriyi mirongo.
. , d) Impedance amplitude (c) nicyiciro (d) cyumuzunguruko.
Hanyuma, inductors zacapwe hamwe na résistoriste bishyirwa mubikorwa mugutezimbere kugenzura. IC ikoreshwa muri iyi myiyerekano ni Microchip MCP1640B14, ikaba ari PWM ishingiye kuri syncronous boost igenzura ifite inshuro 500 kHz. Igishushanyo cyumuzingi cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 6a.A 4.7 μH inductor hamwe na capacator ebyiri (4.7 μF na 10 μF) zikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, hamwe na résistoriste ikoreshwa mu gupima ingufu ziva mu kugenzura ibitekerezo. Hitamo agaciro ko guhangana kugirango uhindure ingufu ziva kuri 5 V. Umuzunguruko ukorerwa kuri PCB, kandi imikorere yawo ipimirwa murwego rwo kurwanya imitwaro hamwe n’umuvuduko winjiza wa 3 kugeza kuri 4 V kugirango wigane bateri ya lithium-ion mu bihugu bitandukanye byishyuza.Ubushobozi bwa inductors zacapwe hamwe na résistoriste bigereranywa na imikorere ya inductors ya SMT na résistoriste.Ubushobozi bwa SMT bukoreshwa mubihe byose kuko ubushobozi busabwa kuriyi porogaramu ni bunini cyane ku buryo butarangizwa na capacator zanditse.
(a) Igishushanyo cya voltage ituma umuzunguruko uhagarara. na inductor yacapwe ikoreshwa mugupima. Kurwanya imirwanyasuri hamwe na capacator bikoreshwa mugupima iki gipimo. ) Ikigereranyo cyimikorere yubuso bwubuso hamwe nizunguruka ryerekanwe muri (e).
Kuri 4.0 V yinjiza voltage na 1000 resistance irwanya imizigo, imiterere yumurongo wapimwe ukoresheje inductors zacapwe zerekanwa mumashusho 6b-d.Figure 6c yerekana voltage kuri terminal ya Vsw ya IC; voltage ya inductor ni Vin-Vsw.Figure 6d yerekana ikigezweho gitemba muri inductor.Ubushobozi bwumuzunguruko hamwe na SMT hamwe nibice byacapwe byerekanwe mubishusho 6e nkigikorwa cyo kwinjiza voltage no kurwanya imizigo, kandi Ishusho 6f yerekana igipimo cyiza. by'ibice byacapwe kubice bya SMT.Ubushobozi bupimwe ukoresheje ibice bya SMT burasa nagaciro kateganijwe gutangwa murupapuro rwamakuru yakozwe nuwabikoze 14.Ku byinjira byinjira cyane (birwanya umutwaro muke hamwe n’umuvuduko muke winjiza), imikorere yimashini zanditse ziri hasi cyane ugereranije iy'induction ya SMT bitewe nurwego rwo hejuru rwirwanya.Nyamara, hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi winjiza hamwe n’ibisohoka byinshi, igihombo cyo guhangana nacyo kiba ingirakamaro, kandi imikorere yimashini zacapwe zitangira kwegera iz'indimu za SMT. Kubirwanya imitwaro> 500 Ω na Vin = 4.0 V cyangwa> 750 Ω na Vin = 3.5 V, imikorere yimashini zanditse zirenga 85% byindimu ya SMT.
Ugereranije imiterere ya flake iriho mu gishushanyo cya 6d hamwe no gutakaza ingufu zapimwe byerekana ko igihombo cyo guhangana na inductor ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera itandukaniro ryimikorere hagati yumuzingo wacapwe n’umuzunguruko wa SMT, nkuko byari byitezwe. Imbaraga n’ibisohoka byapimwe kuri 4.0 V kwinjiza voltage na 1000 resistance birwanya imitwaro ni 30.4 mW na 25.8 mW kumuzunguruko hamwe nibice bya SMT, na 33.1 mW na 25.2 mW kumuzunguruko ufite ibice byacapwe. Kubwibyo rero, gutakaza umuzingo wacapwe ni 7.9 mW, ni hejuru ya 3,4 mW hejuru ya umuzenguruko hamwe nibice bya SMT. Imashanyarazi ya RMS ibarwa uhereye kumurongo wa shusho ya 6d ni 25,6 mA. Kubera ko urukurikirane rwarwo ari 4.9 Ω, ibiteganijwe gutakaza ingufu ni 3.2 mW.Ibi ni 96% byapimye ingufu za 3.4 mW DC zapimwe. Byongeye kandi, umuzunguruko ukorwa hamwe na inductors zacapwe hamwe na rezistor zacapwe hamwe na inductors zacapwe hamwe na SMT birwanya, kandi nta tandukaniro rinini rigaragara rigaragara hagati yabo.
Noneho imbaraga za voltage zihimbwa kuri PCB yoroheje (icapiro ryumuzunguruko hamwe nibikorwa bya SMT byerekanwe mubishusho by'inyongera S1) kandi bigahuzwa hagati ya bateri ya lithium-ion yoroheje nkisoko yingufu hamwe na OLED umurongo nkumutwaro. Kuri Lochner n'abandi. 9 Gukora OLEDs, buri pigiseli ya OLED ikoresha 0,6 mA kuri 5 V. Batare ikoresha lithium cobalt oxyde na grafite nka cathode na anode, kandi ikorwa na coaster ya dogiteri, nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo gucapa bateri.7 The ubushobozi bwa bateri ni 16mAh, na voltage mugihe cyikizamini ni 4.0V.Kuri 7 herekana ifoto yumuzunguruko kuri PCB yoroheje, ikoresha pigiseli eshatu za OLED zahujwe hamwe.Iyerekanwa ryerekanaga ubushobozi bwibikoresho byacapwe byinjizwa hamwe nibindi ibikoresho byoroshye kandi kama kugirango bigire sisitemu igoye cyane.
Ifoto yumuzunguruko wa voltage kuri PCB yoroheje ukoresheje inductors zacapwe hamwe na résistoriste, ukoresheje bateri zoroshye za lithium-ion kugirango zikoreshe LED eshatu kama.
Twerekanye ecran yacapishijwe inductors, capacator hamwe na résistoriste hamwe nurutonde rwindangagaciro kuri PET yoroheje, hamwe nintego yo gusimbuza ibice byubuso bwububiko bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Twerekanye ko mugushushanya umuzenguruko ufite diameter nini, igipimo cyuzuye , n'umurongo w'ubugari-umwanya w'ubugari, hamwe no gukoresha igicucu cyinshi cya wino irwanya ubukana. Ibi bice byinjijwe mumuzingo wuzuye kandi woroshye wa RLC kandi byerekana imyitwarire y'amashanyarazi iteganijwe mumurongo wa kHz-MHz, nini cyane inyungu kuri electronics power.
Ubusanzwe imikoreshereze yimashini zikoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoronike zirashobora kwambarwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa byinjizwamo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye, bigakoreshwa na bateri zishobora kwishyurwa (nka lithium-ion), zishobora kubyara amashanyarazi ahindagurika ukurikije uko byishyurwa.Niba umutwaro (harimo no gucapa na ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bya elegitoronike) bisaba imbaraga zihoraho cyangwa zisumba ingufu za voltage ziva muri bateri, harasabwa kugenzura ingufu za voltage. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inductors zacapwe hamwe na résistoriste zahujwe na IC gakondo ya silicon gakondo kugirango igabanye ingufu za OLED hamwe na voltage ihoraho. ya 5 V iva mumashanyarazi ahindagurika yumuriro wa batiri.Mu ntera runaka yumutwaro wumuvuduko nuwinjiza winjiza, imikorere yuyu muzunguruko urenga 85% yubushobozi bwumuzunguruko ukoresheje insimburangingo yimisozi hamwe na résistoriste.Nubwo ibikoresho bya geometrike, igihombo cyihanganira inductor kiracyari imbogamizi kumikorere yumuzunguruko kurwego rwo hejuru (ibyinjira byinjira hejuru ya mA 10) .Nyamara, kumuyoboro muto, igihombo muri inductor kiragabanuka, kandi imikorere rusange igarukira kubikorwa ya IC.Kubera ko ibikoresho byinshi byacapwe kandi kama bisaba imbaraga nkeya ugereranije, nka OLED nto zikoreshwa mukwerekana kwacu, amashanyarazi yandika arashobora gufatwa nkibikwiye kubisabwa.Mu gukoresha IC yagenewe kugira imikorere ihanitse kurwego rwo hasi, murwego rwo hejuru muri rusange guhindura imikorere birashobora kugerwaho.
Muriyi mirimo, igenzura rya voltage ryubatswe kuri PCB gakondo, PCB yoroheje hamwe na tekinoroji yo kugurisha hejuru ya tekinoroji yo kugurisha, mugihe ibice byacapwe bikozwe kuri substrate itandukanye.Nyamara, ubushyuhe buke hamwe na wino-yuzuye cyane ikoreshwa mugukora ecran- firime zacapwe zigomba kwemerera ibice byoroshye, kimwe no guhuza igikoresho nigikoresho cyo hejuru cyibikoresho byo guhuza ibice, kugirango bicapwe kuri substrate iyariyo yose.Ibi, bifatanije nogukoresha ibikoresho biri munsi yubushyuhe bwo hasi bwibikoresho byo hejuru, bizemerera umuzenguruko wose ugomba kubakwa kuri substrate zidahenze (nka PET) udakeneye inzira zo gukuramo nka PCB etching.Niyo mpamvu, ibice byacapwe na ecran ya passiyo yakozwe muri iki gikorwa bifasha guha inzira sisitemu ya elegitoroniki yoroheje ihuza ingufu n'imizigo hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye za elegitoroniki, ukoresheje substrate zihenze, cyane cyane inyongeramusaruro na ntoya Umubare wibice byubuso bwububiko.
Ukoresheje printer ya Asys ASP01M hamwe na ecran yicyuma itangwa na Dynamesh Inc., ibice byose bigize pasiporo byacapishijwe ecran ya PET substrate yoroheje ifite umubyimba wa 76 mm. Ubunini bwa mesh bwicyuma ni imirongo 400 kuri santimetero na 250 imirongo kuri santimetero kuri dielectric layer na layer resistance ibice) cyangwa 75 (kubice bya dielectric) kugirango icapwe rya ecran.
Ibice byayobora-inductors hamwe nubusabane bwa capacator na résistoriste - byacapishijwe na DuPont 5082 cyangwa DuPont 5064H ya silver microflake wino. Kurwanya byacapishijwe na DuPont 7082 umuyoboro wa karubone. Kubwa dielectric ya capacitor, uruganda rukora BT-101 barium titanate dielectric. ikoreshwa. Buri cyiciro cya dielectric cyakozwe hifashishijwe icapiro ryibice bibiri (wet-wet) kugirango byuzuze uburinganire bwa firime.Kuri buri kintu cyose, hasuzumwe ingaruka zinzinguzingo nyinshi zicapiro kumikorere yibice no guhinduka. Hakozwe ingero zakozwe hamwe ibifuniko byinshi byibikoresho bimwe byumye kuri 70 ° C muminota 2 hagati yimyenda.Nyuma yo gushira ikote rya nyuma ya buri kintu, ingero zatetse kuri 140 ° C muminota 10 kugirango byume neza. Igikorwa cyo guhuza byikora cya ecran Mucapyi ikoreshwa muguhuza ibice byakurikiyeho. Guhuza hamwe na centre ya inductor bigerwaho mugukata umwobo muri padi rwagati hamwe na stencil yo gucapa inyuma ya substrate hamwe na DuPont 5064H wino. Guhuza ibikoresho byo gucapa nabyo bikoresha Dupont. 5064H icapiro rya stencil.Mu rwego rwo kwerekana ibice byacapwe hamwe nibice bya SMT kuri PCB yoroheje igaragara ku gishushanyo cya 7, ibice byacapwe bihujwe na Circuit Work CW2400 epoxy ikora, kandi ibice bya SMT bihuzwa no kugurisha gakondo.
Litiyumu cobalt oxyde (LCO) hamwe na electrode ishingiye kuri grafite ikoreshwa nka cathode na anode ya bateri, kimwe cya kabiri. Cathode slurry ni uruvange rwa 80% LCO (MTI Corp.), 7.5% ya grafite (KS6, Timcal), 2.5 % karubone yumukara (Super P, Timcal) na 10% fluoride polyvinylidene (PVDF, Kureha Corp.). ) Anode ni uruvange rwa 84wt% ya grafite, 4wt% ya karubone yumukara na 13wt% PVDF.N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, Sigma Aldrich) ikoreshwa mu gushonga binder ya PVDF no gukwirakwiza ibishishwa. Igituba cyahujwe na kuvanga hamwe na mixeur ya vortex ijoro ryose.Icyuma cya 0.0005 cyumubyimba wicyuma kitagira umuyonga hamwe na 10 μm nikel foil ikoreshwa nkikusanyirizo rya cathode na anode ,.Iki irangi ryacapishijwe kuri kolitori y'ubu hamwe na sikete ku muvuduko wo gucapa wa 20 mm / s. Shyushya electrode mu ziko kuri 80 ° C mumasaha 2 kugirango ukureho umusemburo.Uburebure bwa electrode nyuma yo gukama ni nka 60 mkm, kandi ukurikije uburemere bwibikoresho bikora, ubushobozi bwa theoretical ni 1,65 mAh /cm2. anode na cathode na 1M LiPF6 muri EC / DEC (1: 1) ikoreshwa nka bateri electrolyte.
Icyatsi OLED igizwe na poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-n- (4-butylphenyl) -diphenylamine) (TFB) na poly ((9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7- (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-) 4, 8-diyl)) (F8BT) ukurikije inzira ivugwa muri Lochner n'abandi.
Koresha umwirondoro wa Dektak kugirango upime ubunini bwa firime. Filime yaciwe kugirango itegure icyitegererezo cyambukiranya ibice kugirango ikore iperereza ukoresheje scanne electron microscopie (SEM). SEM ya FEI Quanta 3D yangiza imbunda (FEG) SEM ikoreshwa mu kuranga imiterere y icapiro firime kandi wemeze gupima ubunini.Ubushakashatsi bwa SEM bwakorewe kuri voltage yihuta ya 20 keV hamwe nintera isanzwe ya mm 10.
Koresha multimeter ya digitale kugirango upime DC irwanya imbaraga, voltage numuyoboro. AC impedance ya inductors, capacator na circuit zipimwa ukoresheje metero ya Agilent E4980 LCR kumirongo iri munsi ya 1 MHz hamwe na Agilent E5061A isesengura umuyoboro ukoreshwa mugupima imirongo iri hejuru ya 500 KHz. Koresha the Tektronix TDS 5034 oscilloscope yo gupima voltage igenzura imiyoboro.
Nigute ushobora gutanga iyi ngingo: Ostfeld, AE, nibindi .Icyapa cyo gucapa ibice byerekana ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye.ubuhanga.Rep. 5, 15959; doi: 10.1038 / srep15959 (2015).
Nathan, A. nabandi.Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye: urubuga rukurikira hose. Gutunganya IEEE 100, 1486-1517 (2012).
Rabaey, JM Intranet Yabantu: Ahantu amatsinda ahurira nabantu. Impapuro zasohotse mu nama n’imurikagurisha ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi 2015 ku bijyanye no gushushanya, gukoresha no kwipimisha, Grenoble, mu Bufaransa. San Jose, California: EDA Alliance.637-640 (2015, 9 Werurwe- 13).
Krebs, FC nibindi.
Ali, M., Prakash, D., Zillger, T., Singh, PK & Hübler, AC yacapishije ibikoresho byo gusarura ingufu za piezoelectric.Ibikoresho byongerewe ingufu.4. 1300427 (2014).
Chen, A., Madan, D., Wright, PK & Evans, JW Dispenser-yacapishijwe igicucu kibyibushye cya firime yumuriro w'amashanyarazi.J. Micromechanics Microengineering 21, 104006 (2011).
Gaikwad, AM, Steingart, DA, Ng, TN, Schwartz, DE & Whiting, GL Bateri yoroheje ishobora kuba yacapishijwe ikoreshwa mugukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byanditse. App Physics Wright.102, 233302 (2013).
Gaikwad, AM, Arias, AC & Steingart, DA Iterambere rigezweho muri bateri zoroshye zoroshye: imbogamizi zumukanishi, tekinoroji yo gucapa hamwe nigihe kizaza.Ikoranabuhanga ryingufu.3, 305–328 (2015).
Hu, Y. nibindi. Sisitemu nini yo kwiyumvisha ihuza ibikoresho binini bya elegitoroniki hamwe na CMOS IC yo kugenzura ubuzima bwimiterere.IEEE J. Solid State Circuit 49, 513–523 (2014).