amakuru

Mubuzima bwacu, dukunze gukoresha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya elegitoronike, nka terefone igendanwa, mudasobwa, TV, nibindi.; ariko, uzi ko ibyo bikoresho byamashanyarazi bigizwe nibihumbi nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ariko twirengagije kubaho kwabo. Reka turebe ibintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwa elegitoronike bigize ibyo bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, hanyuma dukore urutonde 10 rwambere muribi bikoresho bikoreshwa muburyo bwa elegitoroniki.

Ibikoresho bitandukanye bya elegitoronike muri terefone zigendanwa
1. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwa elegitoronike
Ubwa mbere, reka turebe ibintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwa elegitoroniki. Mubisanzwe, ibikoresho bikoreshwa muburyo bwa elegitoronike ni: capacator, résistoriste, inductors, potentiometero, diode, transistors, umuyoboro wa electron, relay, transformateur, umuhuza, ibice bitandukanye byoroshye, resonator, filteri, switch, nibindi.
2. Urutonde 10 rwambere rwibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa
Ibikurikira, dukomeje kureba urutonde 10 rwambere rwibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwa elegitoronike kugirango turebe ibice bishobora kuba umuyobozi.
No. 10: Guhindura. Ihame ryakazi rya transformateur (izina ryicyongereza: Transformer) nigikoresho gikoresha ihame rya electromagnetic induction kugirango uhindure voltage ya AC. Ifite uruhare mukuzamura no kugabanya ingufu za voltage mubikoresho byamashanyarazi, kandi ifite ninshingano nko guhuza inzitizi no kwigunga.

No. 9: Sensor. Rukuruzi (izina ryicyongereza: transducer / sensor) nigikoresho cyo gutahura gishobora kumva amakuru apimwa, kandi gishobora guhindura amakuru yunvikana mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi cyangwa ubundi buryo bukenewe bwamakuru asohoka ukurikije amategeko amwe kugirango yuzuze amakuru, gutunganya, kubika , kwerekana, gufata amajwi no kugenzura ibisabwa. Kugirango ubone amakuru yo hanze, abantu bagomba kwiyambaza ingingo zumva. Nyamara, abantu ibyumviro byabo bwite ntibiri kure bihagije mukwiga ibintu bisanzwe namategeko nibikorwa nibikorwa. Kugira ngo uhuze n'iki kibazo, hakenewe sensor. Kubwibyo, birashobora kuvugwa ko sensor ari kwaguka kwingingo eshanu zumuntu, bizwi kandi nkibyuma byamashanyarazi bitanu.

No. 8: Umuyoboro w'ingaruka. Imikorere ya transistor (izina ryicyongereza: Field Effect Transistor abbreviation (FET)), izina ryuzuye rya transistor yumurima, nigikoresho cya semiconductor ikoresha amashanyarazi yumuriro wumuriro wo kugenzura ibyinjira kugirango ugenzure ibisohoka byihuta, kandi byitiriwe izina ni. Umuyoboro wingaruka zigomba gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kongera imbaraga, kurwanya guhinduka, gukoresha byoroshye nkisoko ihoraho, guhinduranya ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, kwinjiza ibintu byinshi, kandi bikwiriye cyane guhinduka.

No. 7: Transistor. Transistor ni igikoresho cya semiconductor igenzura imiyoboro kandi ishobora kongera imbaraga. Igikorwa cyayo nukwongerera ibimenyetso intege mukimenyetso cyamashanyarazi gifite agaciro kanini ka amplitude; ikoreshwa kandi nka switch idafite aho ihuriye no kugenzura imiyoboro ya elegitoroniki itandukanye.

No. 6: Diode ya Varactor. Varactor Diode (izina ryicyongereza: Varactor Diode), izwi kandi nka "Variable Reactance Diode", ikorwa hifashishijwe ibiranga ko ubushobozi bwihuriro butandukana na voltage ikoreshwa mugihe ihuriro rya pN rinyuranye kubogama. Ikoreshwa muguhuza imirongo myinshi, itumanaho nizindi nzitizi. Byakoreshejwe nka capacitori ihinduka. . Byakoreshejwe mumirongo myinshi yumurongo wo guhuza byikora, guhinduranya inshuro, no kuringaniza, kurugero, nka capacitori ihindagurika muguhuza imirongo ya televiziyo.

Varactor diode
No. 5: Inductor. Inductance ni umutungo wumuzingo ufunze nubunini bwumubiri. Iyo igiceri kinyuze mumashanyarazi, umurima wa magneti winjizwa muri coil, kandi umurima wa magnetiki utera bizana ingufu zatewe no kurwanya umuyaga unyura muri coil; inductor (izina ry'icyongereza: Inductor) ni inductance igizwe na inductance. Mugihe nta muyoboro unyuze muri inductor, uzagerageza kubuza umuyaga gutembera muriwo mugihe umuzunguruko uri; niba inductor iri mumashanyarazi binyuze muri leta, izagerageza gukomeza imiyoboro mugihe umuzenguruko uzimye. Inductor nayo yitwa chokes, reaktor, na reaction ya dinamike.

No. 4: Zener diode. Zener diode (izina ryicyongereza Zener diode) nugukoresha pn ihuza reverisiyo yo gusenyuka leta, ikigezweho kirashobora guhinduka murwego runini mugihe voltage ahanini iba ari ibintu bimwe, bikozwe na diode ifite imbaraga zo guhagarika imbaraga. Iyi diode nigikoresho cya semiconductor gifite imbaraga nyinshi kugeza igihe imbaraga zikomeye zisubira inyuma. Kuri iyi ngingo ikomeye yo gusenyuka, kurwanya guhinduka bigabanuka kugeza ku giciro gito cyane, kandi ubu byiyongera muri kariya karere karwanya ubukana. Umuvuduko ukomeza guhoraho, kandi diode ya Zener igabanijwe ukurikije voltage yamenetse. Kubera iyi miterere, diode ya Zener ikoreshwa cyane cyane nkigenzura rya voltage cyangwa ibice byerekana imbaraga. Zener diode irashobora guhuzwa murukurikirane kugirango ikoreshwe kuri voltage ndende, kandi voltage ihamye irashobora kuboneka muguhuza murukurikirane.

Zener diode
No. 3: Crystal diode. Crystal diode (Izina ryicyongereza: crystdiode) Igikoresho kumpera zombi za semiconductor mugikoresho gikomeye cya elegitoroniki. Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga ibyo bikoresho ni umurongo utari umurongo wa voltage-ibiranga. Kuva icyo gihe, hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho bya semiconductor hamwe nikoranabuhanga ritunganya, ukoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye bya semiconductor, gukwirakwiza doping, hamwe na geometrike, diode zitandukanye za kirisiti zifite imiterere itandukanye yimikorere nimirimo itandukanye kandi ikoreshwa. Ibikoresho byo gukora birimo germanium, silicon hamwe na semiconductor ikomatanya. Diode ya kirisiti irashobora gukoreshwa kubyara, kugenzura, kwakira, guhindura, kongera ibimenyetso, no gukora imbaraga. Diode ya Crystal ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ariko birashobora gushyirwa kumwanya wa gatatu kurutonde rwibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa.

Diode
No. 2: Ubushobozi. Ubushobozi bwa capacator mubisanzwe mu magambo ahinnye nka capacator (izina ryicyongereza: capacitor). Imashini, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, ni 'kontineri yo gufata amashanyarazi', igikoresho gifata amashanyarazi. Imashini ni kimwe mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Zikoreshwa cyane mumuzunguruko nko guhagarika, guhuza, kurenga, kuyungurura, guhuza imirongo, guhindura ingufu, no kugenzura.
Imashini zikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ariko birashobora gushyirwa kumwanya wa kabiri kurutonde rwibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa. Noneho igihe cyo guhamya igitangaza kirageze.
No. 1: Abarwanya. Kurwanya (izina ryicyongereza: Resistor) mubisanzwe byitwa résistoriste mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Nibintu bigabanya imipaka. Resistor igira ingaruka zibangamira ikigezweho. Irashobora kugabanya imiyoboro inyuze mumashami ihujwe nayo, kandi ikigezweho kirashobora guhindurwa nuburwanya bwa résistoriste, kugirango harebwe niba ibice bitandukanye mubikoresho bya elegitoronike bikora neza munsi yumurongo wagenwe. , Nubwo uruhare rwokurwanya rusanzwe cyane, ariko akamaro kacyo ni ingenzi cyane, hamwe no kurwanya umutekano wibice bitandukanye.