amakuru

Bigenda bite iyo ushyizemo inductors na capacator mukuzunguruka? Ikintu gikonje-kandi mubyukuri ni ngombwa.
Urashobora gukora ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bwa inductors, ariko ubwoko busanzwe ni coilindrike coil-a solenoid.
Iyo ikigezweho kinyuze mu cyerekezo cya mbere, kibyara umurima wa magneti unyura mu zindi ngendo. Keretse niba amplitude ihindutse, umurima wa magneti ntuzagira ingaruka rwose. y'uyu murima w'amashanyarazi utanga impinduka mubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi nka bateri.
Hanyuma, dufite igikoresho gifite itandukaniro rishobora kugereranywa nigihe cyigihe cyo guhinduka kwubu (kuko ikibyara ingufu za rukuruzi) .Ibi birashobora kwandikwa nka:
Hano hari ibintu bibiri byerekana muri iri gereranya. Ubwa mbere, L ni inductance.Biterwa gusa na geometrie ya solenoid (cyangwa imiterere iyo ari yo yose ufite), kandi agaciro kayo gapimwa muburyo bwa Henry. Icya kabiri, hariho gukuramo kimenyetso.Ibyo bivuze ko impinduka mubushobozi muri inductor zinyuranye nimpinduka zubu.
Nigute inductance yitwara mumuzunguruko? Niba ufite umuyaga uhoraho, noneho ntamahinduka (direct direct), kubwibyo rero nta tandukanyirizo rishobora gutandukana muri inductor-ikora nkaho itabaho.Niba ihari. umuyoboro mwinshi cyane (AC circuit), hazabaho itandukaniro rinini rishobora gutandukana muri inductor.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, hari ibishushanyo byinshi bitandukanye bya capacator.Uburyo bworoshye bukoresha amasahani abiri abangikanye, buri kimwe gifite amafaranga (ariko net net ni zeru).
Amafaranga yishyurwa kuri ayo masahani akora umurima w'amashanyarazi imbere muri capacitor.Kubera umurima w'amashanyarazi, imbaraga z'amashanyarazi hagati yamasahani nazo zigomba guhinduka. Agaciro k'iri tandukaniro rishobora guterwa numubare w'amafaranga yishyurwa. Itandukaniro rishobora kuba kuri capacitor irashobora kuba byanditswe nka:
Hano C nubushobozi bwa capacitance muri farads-nayo biterwa gusa nuburyo bugaragara bwibikoresho.
Niba ikigezweho cyinjiye muri capacitor, agaciro k'amafaranga ku kibaho kazahinduka.Niba hariho imiyoboro ihoraho (cyangwa inshuro nke), ikigezweho kizakomeza kongeramo amafaranga ku masahani kugirango wongere ubushobozi, bityo rero igihe, ubushobozi amaherezo buzagera kumera nkumuzunguruko ufunguye, kandi voltage ya capacitor izaba ingana na voltage ya bateri (cyangwa amashanyarazi) .Niba ufite umuyoboro mwinshi cyane, amafaranga azongerwaho kandi akurwe mumasahani muri capacitor, kandi nta kwishyuza kwirundanya, capacitor izitwara nkaho itabaho.
Dufate ko dutangiriye kuri capacitori yishyurwa hanyuma tukayihuza na inductor (nta rezisiyo ihari kuko ndimo gukoresha insinga zifatika) igishushanyo gikurikira.
Ibi nibibaho.Bwa mbere, ntamwanya uhari (kuko switch irakinguye) .Iyo switch imaze gufungwa, hazabaho umuyoboro, nta kurwanywa, uyu muyoboro uzasimbuka ubuziraherezo.Nyamara, uku kwiyongera kwinshi kurubu bivuze ko ubushobozi bwabyaye muri inductor buzahinduka.Mu gihe runaka, impinduka zishobora kwambukiranya inductor zizaba zirenze ihinduka ryambukiranya ubushobozi (kuko ubushobozi butakaza amafaranga nkuko bigenda), hanyuma ikigezweho kigahinduka kandi kigasubirana ubushobozi. .Iyi nzira izakomeza gusubiramo-kuko nta kurwanywa.
Yitwa LC umuzenguruko kuko ifite inductor (L) na capacitor (C) -Ndatekereza ko ibi bigaragara. Impinduka zishobora kuzenguruka umuzenguruko wose zigomba kuba zeru (kuko ari cycle) kugirango nshobore kwandika:
Byombi Q na njye birahinduka mugihe.Hariho isano hagati ya Q na I kuko ikigezweho nigihe cyigihe cyo guhindura amafaranga usize capacitor.
Noneho mfite icyiciro cya kabiri gitandukanya ikigereranyo cyamafaranga ahinduka.Ibi ntabwo ari ingero igoye gukemura-mubyukuri, ndashobora gukeka igisubizo.
Ibi birasa nkigisubizo cya misa kumasoko (usibye muriki gihe, umwanya urahinduka, ntabwo ari amafaranga) .Ariko tegereza! Ntabwo tugomba gukeka igisubizo, urashobora kandi kubara imibare kuri gukemura iki kibazo. Reka ntangire n'indangagaciro zikurikira:
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke mubare, nzagabanya ikibazo mubyiciro bito.Kuri buri ntambwe, nzakora:
Ndibwira ko ibi ari byiza cyane. Ndetse nibyiza, urashobora gupima igihe cyo kunyeganyega cyumuzunguruko (koresha imbeba kugirango uzenguruke ushake umwanya wagaciro), hanyuma ukoreshe uburyo bukurikira kugirango ubigereranye ninshuro ziteganijwe zingana:
Birumvikana, urashobora guhindura bimwe mubirimo muri gahunda ukareba uko bigenda-jya imbere, ntacyo uzasenya burundu.
Icyitegererezo cyavuzwe haruguru ntigishoboka. Imirongo nyayo (cyane cyane insinga ndende muri inductors) ifite resistance.Niba nashakaga gushyira iyi rezistor muri moderi yanjye, umuzunguruko wasa nkuyu:
Ibi bizahindura voltage loop ingana.Hariho noneho hazaba ijambo kubishobora kugabanuka kuruhande rwa résistor.
Nshobora kongera gukoresha ihuriro hagati yishyurwa nubu kugirango mbone itandukaniro rikurikira:
Nyuma yo kongeramo résistoriste, ibi bizahinduka ingorabahizi igoye, kandi ntidushobora "gukeka" igisubizo.Nyamara, ntibigomba kuba bigoye cyane guhindura imibare yavuzwe haruguru kugirango ukemure iki kibazo.Mu byukuri, impinduka yonyine ni umurongo ubara inkomoko ya kabiri yishyurwa.Nongeyeho ijambo ngaho kugirango nsobanure kurwanywa (ariko ntabwo ari itegeko rya mbere) .Koresheje rezo ya 3 ohm, mbona ibisubizo bikurikira (kanda buto yo gukina ongera uyikoreshe).
Nibyo, urashobora kandi guhindura indangagaciro za C na L, ariko witonde.Niba ziri hasi cyane, inshuro izaba ndende cyane kandi ugomba guhindura ubunini bwigihe cyintambwe ukageza ku giciro gito.
Iyo ukoze icyitegererezo (ukoresheje isesengura cyangwa uburyo bwo kubara), rimwe na rimwe ntushobora kumenya niba byemewe cyangwa ari impimbano rwose. Bumwe mu buryo bwo kugerageza icyitegererezo nukugereranya namakuru nyayo. Reka dukore ibi.Ibi byanjye gushiraho.
Nuburyo bukora. Ubwa mbere, nakoresheje bateri eshatu zo mu bwoko bwa D kugirango nishyure capacator.Ndashobora kumenya igihe capacitor yishyurwa hafi rwose urebye voltage hejuru ya capacitori.Ibikurikira, hagarika bateri hanyuma ufunge switch gusohora capacitor ukoresheje inductor.Ristoriste ni igice cyinsinga gusa-simfite rezistor itandukanye.
Nagerageje guhuza ibintu byinshi bitandukanye bya capacator na inductor, hanyuma amaherezo mbona akazi. Muri uru rubanza, nakoresheje capacitori 5 μF na transformateur isa nabi nka inductor yanjye (ntabwo yerekanwe hejuru) .Ntabwo nzi neza agaciro ka inductance, ndagereranya gusa inshuro zinguni kandi nkoresha agaciro kanjye ka capacitance izwi kugirango nkemure kuri induction ya 13.6 ya Henry.Kubirwanya, nagerageje gupima agaciro kayo na ohmmeter, ariko nkoresheje agaciro ka 715 ohm muri moderi yanjye yasaga nkakazi. byiza.
Nibishushanyo mbonera yumubare wanjye hamwe na voltage yapimwe mumuzunguruko nyirizina (nakoresheje Vernier itandukanye ya voltage probe kugirango mbone voltage nkigikorwa cyigihe).
Ntabwo ari byiza-ariko biranyegereye bihagije kuri njye.Biragaragara, nshobora guhindura ibipimo gato kugirango mbone neza, ariko ndatekereza ko ibi byerekana ko moderi yanjye idasaze.
Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga uyu muzunguruko wa LRC nuko ifite imirongo isanzwe iterwa nindangagaciro za L na C. Tuvuge ko hari ikindi nakoze. Bite ho niba mpuza inkomoko yumubyigano uhindagurika nuyu muzunguruko wa LRC? Muri uru rubanza, umuyaga mwinshi mumuzunguruko biterwa ninshuro yumubyigano wamashanyarazi.
Umuyoboro ufite aluminiyumu ni capacitor, kandi umuyoboro ufite insinga ni inductor. Hamwe na (diode na earpiece) ibi bigize radio ya kirisiti.Yego, nabishyize hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye (nakurikije amabwiriza kuriyi YouTube videwo) .Igitekerezo cyibanze ni uguhindura indangagaciro za capacator na inductor kugirango "tune" kuri radio runaka.Ntabwo nshobora kubona ko ikora neza-Ntabwo ntekereza ko hari radio nziza za AM hirya no hino. (cyangwa inductor yanjye yaravunitse) .Nyamara, nasanze iyi radio ishaje ya radio ikora neza.
Nabonye sitasiyo ntashobora kubyumva, ndatekereza rero ko radio yanjye nakoze ubwanjye ishobora kuba itari nziza bihagije kugirango yakire sitasiyo.Ariko nigute mubyukuri iyi RLC resonant umuziki ikora, kandi nigute ushobora kubona ibimenyetso byamajwi? Nzabika mu nyandiko iri imbere.
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