amakuru

Ibintu bisanzwe: Injeniyeri yubushakashatsi yinjiza isaro ya ferrite mumuzunguruko uhura nibibazo bya EMC, gusa ugasanga mubyukuri isaro itera urusaku rudashaka.Ibyo bishoboka bite? Amasaro ya ferrite ntagomba gukuraho ingufu z urusaku atarinze gukemura ikibazo?
Igisubizo cyiki kibazo kiroroshye rwose, ariko ntigishobora kumvikana cyane usibye kuba bamara umwanya munini bakemura ibibazo bya EMI. Muri make, amasaro ya ferrite ntabwo ari amasaro ya ferrite, ntabwo ari amasaro ya ferrite, nibindi. Abenshi mubakora amasaro ya ferrite batanga imbonerahamwe yerekana urutonde rwibice byabo, impedance kuri bimwe byatanzwe (mubisanzwe 100 MHz), DC irwanya (DCR), igipimo ntarengwa cyagenwe hamwe nibipimo bimwe na bimwe Amakuru (reba Imbonerahamwe 1) .Ibintu byose nibisanzwe.Ibyo biterekanwa mumibare urupapuro namakuru yibintu hamwe nibiranga imikorere ikora.
Isaro rya Ferrite nigikoresho cyoroshye gishobora kuvana ingufu zurusaku kumuzunguruko muburyo bwubushyuhe.Isaro rya magnetique ritanga impedance mumurongo mugari, bityo bikuraho ingufu zose zurusaku zidakenewe murirwo ruhererekane.Ku porogaramu ya DC ya voltage ( nk'umurongo wa Vcc wa IC), hifujwe kugira agaciro gake DC yo kwirinda kugirango wirinde gutakaza ingufu nyinshi mubimenyetso bisabwa na / cyangwa voltage cyangwa isoko iriho (I2 x DCR igihombo) .Nyamara, birakenewe ko ugira impedance nyinshi murwego runaka rwasobanuwe.Niyo mpamvu, impedance ifitanye isano nibikoresho byakoreshejwe (permeability), ubunini bwamasaro ya ferrite, umubare wumuyaga, nuburyo bwo guhinduranya.Biragaragara, mubunini bwamazu yatanzwe nibikoresho byihariye byakoreshejwe , uko guhindagurika kwinshi, niko impedance irushaho kwiyongera, ariko nkuburebure bwumubiri bwigiceri cyimbere ni kirekire, ibi nabyo bizabyara DC irwanya cyane.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ibanze byo gukoresha amasaro ya ferrite muri porogaramu ya EMI ni uko ibice bigomba kuba mu cyiciro cyo guhangana. Bisobanura iki? Muri make, bivuze ko "R" (AC resistance) igomba kuba irenze "XL" (inductive reba) inshuro aho “R” iba nini kuruta “XL” yitwa “kwambukiranya” inshuro.Ibi byerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 1, aho inshuro zambukiranya ari 30 MHz muri uru rugero kandi zikarangwa n'umwambi utukura.
Ubundi buryo bwo kubireba ni mubyerekeranye nibyo ibice bikora mubyukuri mugihe cyinduction hamwe nicyiciro cyo guhangana.Nkuko nibindi bikorwa aho impedance ya inductor idahuye, igice cyikimenyetso cyinjira kigaruka kumasoko.Ibyo birashoboka tanga uburinzi kubikoresho byoroshye kurundi ruhande rwisaro rya ferrite, ariko kandi byinjiza "L" mumuzunguruko, bishobora gutera resonance no kunyeganyega (kuvuza) .Niyo mpamvu, mugihe amasaro ya magnetique akiri inductive muri kamere, igice imbaraga zurusaku zizagaragazwa kandi igice cyingufu zurusaku kizarengana, bitewe ninduction nindangagaciro.
Iyo isaro ya ferrite iri mubyiciro byayo birwanya, ibice bitwara nka résistoriste, bityo bikabuza ingufu zurusaku kandi bigakuramo izo mbaraga ziva mumuzunguruko, kandi bikabikuramo muburyo bwubushyuhe.Nubwo byubatswe muburyo bumwe na inductors, ukoresheje inzira imwe, umurongo utanga umusaruro nikoranabuhanga, imashini, hamwe nibikoresho bimwe bimwe, amasaro ya ferrite akoresha ibikoresho bya ferrite yatakaye, mugihe inductors ikoresha ibyuma bitakaza ibyuma bike Oxygene.Ibi byerekanwe kumurongo mugice cya 2.
Igishushanyo cyerekana [μ ''], kigaragaza imyitwarire yibikoresho bya ferrite yatakaye.
Kuba impedance itangwa kuri 100 MHz nayo iri mubibazo byo gutoranya.Mu bihe byinshi bya EMI, impedance kuriyi frequency ntaho ihuriye kandi irayobya. Agaciro kiyi "point" ntigaragaza niba impedance yiyongera, igabanuka . byibuze nkuko bigaragara mumpapuro zamakuru. Reba Ishusho 3.Imirongo 5 yose kuriyi shusho ni iy'amasaro 120 ya oh ferrite.
Noneho, icyo umukoresha agomba kubona ni impedance curve yerekana inshuro ziranga isaro ya ferrite.Urugero rwumubyigano usanzwe uteganijwe kwerekanwa mubishusho 4.
Igishushanyo cya 4 cyerekana ukuri kwingenzi. Iki gice cyagenwe nkisaro ya 50 ohm ferrite ifite inshuro 100 MHz, ariko inshuro zayo zambukiranya hafi 500 MHz, kandi igera kuri 300 oms iri hagati ya 1 na 2.5 GHz. Byongeye kandi, gusa kureba urupapuro rwamakuru ntabwo bizamenyesha umukoresha ibi kandi birashobora kuyobya.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo, imiterere yibikoresho iratandukanye.Hariho ibintu byinshi bya ferrite ikoreshwa mugukora amasaro ya ferrite. Bimwe mubikoresho ni igihombo kinini, umurongo mugari, umurongo mwinshi, igihombo gike nibindi nibindi.Figure 5 yerekana amatsinda rusange by Porogaramu inshuro na impedance.
Ikindi kibazo gikunze kugaragara nuko abategura inama yumuzunguruko rimwe na rimwe bagarukira gusa ku gutoranya amasaro ya ferrite mububiko bwabo bwemewe.Niba isosiyete ifite amasaro make ya ferrite yemewe gukoreshwa mubindi bicuruzwa kandi bigaragara ko ashimishije, mubihe byinshi, ntabwo ari ngombwa gusuzuma no kwemeza ibindi bikoresho numubare wibice.Mu bihe byashize, ibi byagiye bitera inshuro nyinshi ingaruka zikomeye zikibazo cyurusaku rwambere rwa EMI rwasobanuwe haruguru.Uburyo bwiza bwambere bushobora gukoreshwa kumushinga utaha, cyangwa ntishobora kuba ingirakamaro.Ntushobora gukurikiza gusa igisubizo cya EMI cyumushinga wabanjirije iki, cyane cyane iyo inshuro zerekana ibimenyetso bisabwa bihinduka cyangwa inshuro zishobora kuba imirasire nkibikoresho byamasaha bihinduka.
Niba urebye ibice bibiri byambukiranya ishusho ya 6, urashobora kugereranya ingaruka zifatika zibice bibiri byagenwe.
Kuri ibi bice byombi, impedance kuri 100 MHz ni 120 oms.Ku gice cyibumoso, ukoresheje ibikoresho bya "B", impedance ntarengwa ni nka 150, kandi bigerwaho kuri 400 MHz.Ku gice kiri iburyo . , mugihe ibintu byinshi cyane "D" ibikoresho bikomeza kuba inductive hafi ya MHz 400.Ni ikihe gice gikwiye gukoresha? Biterwa na buri porogaramu.
Igicapo 7 kirerekana ibibazo bisanzwe bikunze kubaho mugihe amasaro ya ferrite atari yo yatoranijwe kugirango ahagarike EMI.Ikimenyetso kidafunguye cyerekana 474.5 mV munsi yumutwe kuri 3.5V, 1 uS pulse.
Igisubizo cyo gukoresha ibintu byinshi byangiritse cyane (ikibanza cyo hagati), munsi yipimwa ryiyongera bitewe ninshuro nyinshi zambukiranya igice.Ikimenyetso cyo munsi yikimenyetso cyiyongereye kiva kuri mV 474.5 kigera kuri 749.8 mV. Ibikoresho bya super High Loss bifite a inshuro nke zambukiranya inshuro n'imikorere myiza.Bizaba ibikoresho byiza byo gukoresha muriyi porogaramu (ishusho iburyo) .Ibice byo munsi ukoresheje iki gice bigabanuka kugeza kuri 156.3 mV.
Nkuko umuyoboro utaziguye unyuze mumasaro wiyongera, ibikoresho byibanze bitangira kwiyuzuzamo.Ku inductors, ibi byitwa kwiyuzuzamo kandi bigaragazwa nkigabanuka ryijanisha ryagaciro ka inductance.Ku masaro ya ferrite, mugihe igice kiri murwego rwo guhangana, the Ingaruka zo kwiyuzuzamo zigaragarira mukugabanuka kwagaciro ka impedance hamwe ninshuro.Iyi kugabanuka rya impedance igabanya imikorere yamasaro ya ferrite nubushobozi bwabo bwo gukuraho urusaku rwa EMI (AC). Igicapo cya 8 cyerekana urutonde rwibisanzwe DC ibogamye kumasaro ya ferrite.
Kuri iyi shusho, isaro ya ferrite irapimwe kuri 100 oms kuri 100 MHz.Ibi nibisanzwe byapimwe impedance mugihe igice kidafite amashanyarazi ya DC.Nyamara, birashobora kugaragara ko iyo DC imaze gukoreshwa (urugero, kuri IC VCC kwinjiza), impedance ikora igabanuka cyane.Mu murongo wavuzwe haruguru, kuri 1.0 Ikigezweho, impedance ifatika ihinduka kuva kuri 100 oms ikagera kuri 20.100 MHz.Birashoboka ko bitanenze cyane, ariko ikintu injeniyeri yubushakashatsi agomba kwitondera.Nkuko, ukoresheje gusa amakuru aranga amashanyarazi gusa by'ibigize mu rupapuro rwabatanga amakuru, uyikoresha ntazamenya ibi DC kubogama.
Kimwe na inductors ya RF-yumurongo mwinshi, icyerekezo cyo guhinduranya coil y'imbere mumasaro ya ferrite igira uruhare runini kubiranga inshuro nyinshi. Igishushanyo cya 9, amasaro abiri ya ohm ferrite yerekanwe hamwe nubunini bwamazu hamwe nibikoresho bimwe, ariko hamwe nuburyo bubiri butandukanye.
Ibishishwa by'igice cy'ibumoso bikomerekejwe ku ndege ihagaritse kandi bigashyirwa mu cyerekezo gitambitse, ibyo bikaba bitanga impedance nyinshi kandi bigasubiza inshuro nyinshi kuruta igice cyo ku ruhande rw'iburyo gikomeretsa mu ndege itambitse kandi kigashyirwa mu cyerekezo gihagaritse.Ibi biterwa ahanini kuri reaction ya capacitive yo hasi (XC) ijyanye no kugabanya ubushobozi bwa parasitike hagati yumurongo wanyuma na coil y'imbere. XC yo hepfo izatanga umusaruro mwinshi wo kwiyubaka, hanyuma yemere impedance yisaro ya ferrite gukomeza kwiyongera kugeza igihe izagera igera kumurongo wo hejuru-kwiyumvamo inshuro nyinshi, ikaba isumba imiterere isanzwe yisaro ya ferrite Agaciro ka impedance.Imirongo yimigozi ibiri hejuru ya 1000 ohm ferrite irerekanwa mumashusho 10.
Kugirango turusheho kwerekana ingaruka zo guhitamo isaro ya ferrite ikwiye kandi itari yo, twakoresheje uruziga rworoshye rwikizamini hamwe ninama yikizamini kugirango twerekane byinshi mubirimo byavuzwe haruguru.Mu gishushanyo cya 11, ikizamini cy’ibizamini cyerekana imyanya y’amasaro atatu ya ferrite hamwe n’ibizamini byashyizweho ikimenyetso “A”, “B” na “C”, biherereye kure y’ibikoresho byohereza (TX).
Uburinganire bwikimenyetso bupimirwa kuruhande rwibisohoka byamasaro ya ferrite muri buri myanya itatu, kandi bigasubirwamo namasaro abiri ya ferrite akozwe mubikoresho bitandukanye.Ibikoresho byambere, ibikoresho bya "S" bitakaza inshuro nke, byageragejwe ku ngingo "A", "B" na "C" .Ibyakurikiyeho, ibikoresho byakoreshejwe inshuro nyinshi "D" byakoreshejwe. Ibisubizo ku ngingo-ku-ngingo ukoresheje aya masaro abiri ya ferrite bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 12.
Ikimenyetso "cyanyuze" kidafunguye cyerekanwe kumurongo wo hagati, cyerekana hejuru ya shitingi hamwe na shitingi kumpande zizamuka kandi zigwa. Birashobora kugaragara ko ukoresheje ibikoresho bikwiye mubihe byikizamini byavuzwe haruguru, ibikoresho byo gutakaza inshuro nke byerekana neza neza. kandi munsi yikimenyetso cyerekana kunoza impande zizamuka no kugwa.Ibisubizo byerekanwe kumurongo wo hejuru wigishushanyo cya 12.Ibisubizo byo gukoresha ibikoresho byumuvuduko mwinshi birashobora gutera impeta, byongerera buri rwego kandi byongera igihe cyo guhungabana.Ibisubizo byikizamini ni yerekanwe kumurongo wo hasi.
Iyo urebye iterambere rya EMI hamwe na frequency mugice cyasabwe hejuru (Igicapo 12) muri scan ya horizontal yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 13, urashobora kubona ko kuri frequence zose, iki gice kigabanya cyane imitsi ya EMI kandi kigabanya urusaku muri rusange kuri 30 Kuri Hafi ya 350 MHz, urwego rwemewe ruri munsi yumupaka wa EMI wagaragajwe numurongo utukura.Ngiyo amahame rusange agenga ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya B (FCC Igice cya 15 muri Amerika) .Ibikoresho bya "S" bikoreshwa mumasaro ya ferrite bikoreshwa byumwihariko kuriyi miyoboro yo hasi. Birashobora kugaragara ko iyo inshuro zimaze kurenga 350 MHz, Ibikoresho "S" bigira ingaruka nke kurwego rwurusaku rwa EMI rwumwimerere, rudahinduwe, ariko bigabanya umuvuduko mwinshi kuri 750 MHz kuri 6 dB.Niba igice kinini cyikibazo cy urusaku rwa EMI kiri hejuru ya 350 MHz, ugomba kubikora tekereza ku gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi bya ferrite ibikoresho bifite impedance ntarengwa murwego rwo hejuru.
Birumvikana ko impeta zose (nkuko bigaragara kumurongo wo hasi wigishushanyo cya 12) zishobora kwirindwa mugupima imikorere nyayo hamwe na / cyangwa kwigana software, ariko twizere ko iyi ngingo izafasha abasomyi kurenga amakosa menshi asanzwe kandi bikagabanya kubikenewe hitamo isaro nziza ya ferrite Igihe, hanyuma utange aho "wize" utangirira mugihe amasaro ya ferrite akenewe kugirango ufashe gukemura ibibazo bya EMI.
Hanyuma, nibyiza kwemeza urukurikirane cyangwa urukurikirane rwamasaro ya ferrite, ntabwo ari numubare wigice kimwe gusa, kugirango uhitemo byinshi kandi uhindure imiterere.Bikwiye kumenyekana ko abatanga ibintu bitandukanye bakoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye, kandi imikorere yinshuro ya buri mutanga igomba gusubirwamo , cyane cyane iyo kugura byinshi bikozwe kumushinga umwe.Nibyoroshye byoroshye kubikora kunshuro yambere, ariko iyo ibice bimaze kwinjizwa mububiko bwibigize munsi yumubare wubugenzuzi, birashobora gukoreshwa ahantu hose.Ikintu cyingenzi nuko imikorere yinshuro yibice biva kubatanga ibintu bitandukanye birasa cyane kugirango bikureho ibishoboka byizindi porogaramu mugihe kizaza Ikibazo cyabaye.Uburyo bwiza nukubona amakuru asa nabatanga ibintu bitandukanye, kandi byibuze ufite umurongo uteganijwe. Ibi kandi bizemeza ko amasaro meza ya ferrite akoreshwa mugukemura ikibazo cya EMI.
Chris Burket yakoraga muri TDK kuva mu 1995, ubu ni injeniyeri mukuru wa porogaramu, ashyigikira umubare munini wibigize pasiporo.Yagize uruhare mu gushushanya ibicuruzwa, kugurisha tekinike no kwamamaza.Bwana.Burket yanditse kandi asohora impapuro za tekiniki mumahuriro menshi.Bwana.Burket yabonye patenti eshatu zo muri Amerika kuri optique / imashini zikoreshwa na capacator.
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